1. Vaccination and Medical Politics Ferryal Basbeth Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal Departemen Bioetik dan Humaniora YARSI School of Medicine Jl. Letjen Suprapto Cempaka Putih 10510 Jakarta Pusat, basbethf@gmail.com, 081513611827 basbethf@gmail.com

2. Historical Perpective Routine childhood immunizations are compulsory in a small number of developed countries, including the United States of America, France, Italy, Poland, UK, Taiwan, and many number of developing countries including Indonesia There is nothing new about compulsory immunization, nor about anti-vaccination movements. But vaccines are unique among public health measures, in that their administration occasionally causes injury. Should routine childhood immunizations be compulsory?

3. The British Vaccination Act of 1853 made smallpox vaccination compulsory for all infants in the first 3 months of life, and made defaulting parents liable to a fine or imprisonment The State of Massachusetts introduced compulsory smallpox vaccination in 1809, while in 1922 the Supreme Court upheld laws requiring vaccination for school entry In the 1970s unimmunized children were excluded from school during measles outbreaks. Sanctions for non-compliance also vary, and some States threaten to take child care proceedings if there is persistent failure to immunize.

4. Vaccine Fact 1.Hazardous biological materials. Needed experiment to find an effective dose. There are some people who should get mudharat (harm/hazard) 2.No one really safe. Everyone has a chance to suffer due to consequences vaccine 3.Preventive; still many other prevention efforts for raising system imun in society, preserving environmental balance and the control of agents (germs) 4. Ahadith, Word of the Messenger of Allah, which means, "Can not create harm (hazards) to myself, and should not also make harm to others." (Reported by Ahmad and Ibn Majah). 5.“Tidak boleh membuat mudharat (bahaya) pada diri sendiri, dan tidak boleh pula membuat mudharat pada orang lain”.(HR Ahmad dan Ibnu Majah).

5. Why state do obligation vaccination Children need to be protected from dangerous infectious diseases, State has a right to the protection afforded by immunization. If some parents will be negligent with respect to this duty, the state must accept that it has the duty to ensure that each child is immunized

6. Vaccination and seat belt legislation For examples seat-belt legislation and motorcycle helmets. Sanctions for disobeying regulations are usually fines, and possible loss of driving license for frequent offenders. There is an important difference between immunization, which involves the injection of foreign material, even though with the intention of protecting the recipient and the community, and the compulsory use of seat belts, and crash helmets. Immunization is an invasive but helmet is not invasive

7. Vaccination and Pharmaceuticals Collaboration In the United States, 6.2% of adolescents have sexual intercourse for the first time before 13 years of age, and the median age at the time of first sexual intercourse is 16 to 17 years The June 2006 licensure of Merck’s human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, Gardasil, and the recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices that it be routinely given to girls starting at 11 or 12 years of age set off a flurry of state- level policymaking

8. Vaccination and Pharmaceuticals Collaboration USA, however, the Michigan Senate had legislated in September 2006 for all for use in female patients between the ages of 9–26 and boys aged 9–15 in the vaccination programe Owner Merck Pharmaceuticals was former director of the War Research Service (Department of War Studies), who in 1940, believed to be U.S. Health and Medical Committee of the Council for National Defense (Health and Medical Committee of the U.S. Defense Council), for the study of biological weapons

9. Vaccination and Pharmaceuticals Collaboration Rotavirus vaccine at least a hundred babies causing intestinal obstruction and at least one person death, The vaccine is still in the market because Paul Offit, and John Modlin are CDC advisory committee members and one of the owners of shares in Merck, had "bought" the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the FDA (The Food Drug Administration).

10. Antivaccination Activism Respect for parental autonomy, a child cannot make an autonomous decision about immunization These rights comes from the fact that they are pregnant, give birth and raise children, and have an emotional investment and financially for their child's future

11. Adverse Effects of Immunization There is so many proof that the vaccination program resulted in serious health problems, the number of cases continues to rise. Such as autism, cancer and tumors autoimmune diseases, diabetes in children, and sudden infant death syndrome Yellow fever vaccine has caused yellow fever in a small number of recipients, and six deaths have been reported from fulminant yellow fever acquired from the vaccine The 6% of events that were considered to be serious included Guillain–Barré syndrome, venous thromboembolism, and death

12. Areas of Uncertainty In the U.S., many bad reactions of vaccination such as DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus), Hib (Haemophilus influenzae b), MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella), OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine), which was recorded only by the VAERS (Vaccine Adverse Events The Reporting System), from 1999 until the end of 2002 there were 244.424 cases, with 2.866 cases of death. Research Ribeiro and his colleagues, in Salvador, Brazil, which was published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, January. 2003, showed Hib vaccination increased eight times the incidence of infection Haemophilus influenzae type a meningitis Duration of immunogenicity and clinical efficacy fron HPV vaccine is unknown, and they don’t know whether boosters are needed. True effect of vaccination on the incidence of cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers is not actually known.

13. Vaccine as A Biological Weapon Why WHO aggressively encourage the developing countries to promote vaccination but not for health promotion? Why do many gene mutation occur and result the wild virus today: H5N1, Meningitis meningitidis, Plasmodium malariae, HIV, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), HPV, are these biological weapon?

14. Vaccine as A Biological Weapon The U.S. rejection of the application protocol agreement BWC (Biological Weapons Convention) containing termination biological and chemical weapons program, in July 2002. The willingness of the United States retaining the activity of health research institutions-military, like Namru-2 (Naval Medical Research Unit Two) in Indonesia, which is a research center of the tropical variety of harmful bacteria, such as malaria, dengue fever, typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, HIV / AIDS and swine flu.

15. Blame and Safe Behaviours Standard prevention of HIV and HPV from the WHO does not prohibit sexual activity to prevent HIV and HPV, it makes anxiety that administering the vaccine may lead to increased sexual activity in teenagers, such as Commercial sex does not transmit AIDS, but not using a condom in a sexual relationship does, Vaccination and Safe sex are basic to breaking the vicious cycle of HIV/AIDS transmission and HPV These structural characteristics of neoliberalist capitalism, which help spread AIDS. It calls “risk contexts”. Is it Hegemony Capitalism?

16. Hegemony Capitalism Hegemony is the dominance of one group over other groups, with or without the threat of force, to the extent that, for instance, the dominant party can dictate the terms of trade to its advantage; more broadly, cultural perspectives become skewed to favor the dominant group. Hegemony controls the ways that ideas become “naturalized” in a process that informs notions of common sense “…Dominant groups in society, including fundamentally but not exclusively the ruling class, maintain their dominance by securing the ‘spontaneous consent’ of subordinate groups, including the working class, through the negotiated construction of a political and ideological consensus which incorporates both dominant and dominated groups.” (Strinati, 1995: 165)

17. VACCINATION FROM ISLAMIC POINT OF VIEW

18. Sahih International It is He who created for you all of that which is on the earth. "Dia-lah Allah, yang menjadikan segala yang ada di bumi untuk kamu (manusia), (QS.2:29) It means Allah never created damage on this earth, and Allah keeps the balance. So where does gene mutation come from and result the wild virus?

19. Sahih International And the heaven He raised and imposed the balance "Dan Allah telah meninggikan langit; dan Dia menjaga keseimbangan." – QS 55:7

20. Sahih International And Who makes (things) according to a measure, then guides (them to their goal), "dan Dia yang menentukan kadar (masing-masing), dan memberi petunjuk." – (QS.87:3) all of Allah's creatures, whether human, plant, animal, virus, bacteria have a degree (a measure), and Allah keeps them and their harmony

21. Sahih International Corruption has appeared throughout the land and sea by [reason of] what the hands of people have earned so He may let them taste part of [the consequence of] what they have done that perhaps they will return [to righteousness]. "Telah tampak kerusakan di darat dan di laut, (yang) disebabkan karena perbuatan tangan manusia, supaya Allah merasakan kepada mereka sebagian dari (akibat) perbuatan mereka, agar mereka kembali (ke jalan yang benar)." – (QS.30:41)

22. Sahih International Indeed, he was unjust and ignorant. Sesungguhnya manusia itu amat zalim dan amat bodoh," – (QS.33:72)

23. Conclusion 1.The importance of restoring the world in its balance. 2.Releasing the world from the threat of germs engineered. 3.Release the world from grip global capitalism and the dominance of the corporation 4.Return to the way of Islam QS: An Nisa 174 Sahih International O mankind, there has come to you a conclusive proof from your Lord, and We have sent down to you a clear light. "Hai manusia, sesungguhnya telah datang kepadamu, bukti kebenaran dari Rabb-mu, (Muhammad dengan mu'jizatnya), dan telah kami turunkan kepadamu, cahaya yang terang- benderang (Al-Qur'an)." – (QS.4:174)

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