1. Messed-up Mitosis Cancer

2. Cancer (Transformed) Cells Are cells which do NOT respond to the body’s control mechanisms; these cells DO NOT STOP dividing (mitosing).

3. Characteristics of Transformed Cells Will divide FOREVER with appropriate nutrients Note #1: Do NOT divide more quickly Note #2: HeLa cells May have altered genome

4. Transformed Cells Usually the body’s IMMUNE SYSTEM will destroy cancer (transformed) cells. If not, a tumor will form. tumor – mass of transformed cells in otherwise normal tissue

5. What TWO events must occur for an individual to get cancer? #1: #2: Implication: Which of these two can be more readily controlled/influenced by the individual?

6. Two Types of Tumors Benign Localized Tough tumor membrane Cells may retain some of normal function Individual does not “have cancer” Treatment? Malignant Cells have spread No tumor membrane Cells show weird abnormalities  Loss of normal function  Cells lose attachments to other cells  enter blood & lymph  spread = METASTASIS “Cancer”/ Treatment?

7. What causes cancer ? (Cell Transformation) Cause of virtually ALL cancers: Proto-oncogene – mutates  Oncogene

8. table 12-04