1. Why Do Elements React?

2. Refresh your memory. Draw some atoms In your notes, draw Na Ne Ar Cl 11p+ 2 81 10p+ 2 8 18p+ 2 88 17p+ 2 87

3. In actuality, a shell can only hold 8 e-. Sadly, the way we learned to draw atoms was not completely accurate. In actuality, a shell can only hold 8 e-. Remember that the shells actually have different shapes?

4. shells It turns out that the N, O, P and Q shells actually are made of a collection of shells which we will call sub-orbitals. The last shell can only hold 8 e-. In the Transition Metals, most of the e- go into the sub-orbitals leaving only 1, 2 or 3 e- in the last shell.

5. It’s actually pretty easy 1e- 2e- 1, 2 or 3e- 3e-4e-5e-6e-7e- 8e-

6. What do all the alkali metals have in common? One e- in their last shell What do all the alkali earth metals have in common? Two e- in their last shell What do all the Transition Metals have in common? One, Two or Three e- in their last shell

7. What do all the Carbon family have in common? Four e- in their last shell What do all the halogens have in common? Seven e- in their last shell What do all the Noble Gases have in common? Full Shells!!!

8. Who Cares, Right? Start with this question: All of these elements react except The Noble Gases! How are they physically different than other atoms?

9. The NOBLE GASES are COOL!!! All of the other elements are wannabes!

10. Looking Like a Noble gas Elements will gain or lose e- in order to make their last shell full. Look at Sodium for example:

11. Looking Like a Noble gas Na Ne Ar 11p+ 2 81 10p+ 2 8 18p+ 2 88 Give away 1 e- Gain 7 e-

12. Looking Like a Noble gas Na 11p+ 2 81 Give away 1 e- 11p+ 2 8 Sodium LOOKS LIKE Neon, but he has turned into an ion

13. Looking Like a Noble gas 11p+ 2 8 Sodium LOOKS LIKE Neon, but he has turned into an ion Ion An atom that is no longer neutral

14. Looking Like a Noble gas 11p+ 2 8 Sodium LOOKS LIKE Neon, but he has turned into an ion Only has 10e-, but still has 11 p+

15. Looking Like a Noble gas 11p+ 2 8 Sodium LOOKS LIKE Neon, but he has turned into an ion Valence The charge of an atom after it gains or lose e- Na ions have 10 e- and 11 p+ The valence would be +1

16. Valences +1 +2 1+, +2 or +3 +3 + or – 4 -3-2 0