1. ICD-10 PCS Coding procedures common to all facilities
Presented by
AHIMA-Approved ICD-10-CM/PCS Trainers :
Deb Selland, RHIT, CCS
Sue Roehl, RHIT, CCS

2. Instructors Sue Roehl, RHIT, CCS
Sue Roehl, RHIT, CCS
Sue is a Manager and Health Care Consultant with Eide Bailly LLP in Fargo, ND. She has more than thirty years of health care experience, with an emphasis in coding, health information and quality management. She provides ICD-9-CM and CPT coding, documentation, and compliance reviews for hospitals throughout the country. She also provides coding support for inpatient and outpatient accounts.
Sue specializes in assisting hospital medical records coding staff, physicians, business services and ancillary departments with appropriate reimbursement. In addition, Sue offers onsite educational sessions and coding validation studies to determine if providers are assigning correct diagnosis and procedure codes for reimbursement and compliance.
Sue completed the AHIMA ICD-10-CM/PCS training in She has twice served as President for the North Dakota Health Information Management Association, along with various other Board offices.
Deb Selland, RHIT, CCS
Deb is employed by Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Dakota as the Reimbursement Coding Coordinator and is responsible for performing DRG Validation coding audits on all North Dakota participating facilities. She has been employed in the Health Information industry for over thirty years.
Deb completed the AHIMA ICD-10 CM/PCS Academy certification in She has formerly served as President and Education Director for NDHIMA.

3. Disclaimer
The presenters have made every reasonable effort to ensure accuracy of the information provided in this material.
The presenters make no guarantee the information compiled or presented is error-free.

4. Objectives Review structure of PCS codes
Code common procedures from various sections of ICD-10-PCS

5. ICD-10-PCS Procedure Classification System

6. ICD-10-PCS (Procedures)6
ICD-10-PCS
(Procedures)
Used in inpatient hospital setting
Replaces Volume 3
Maintained by CMS
CPT will still be used in all outpatient settings

7. Structures and Features Comparison7
Structures and Features Comparison
ICD-9-CM Volume 3
Procedures
ICD-10-PCS
-3 or 4 characters (numeric)
-Always 7 characters per procedure (alphanumeric)
-Digits 0-9 used
-Letters A-H, J-N, P-Z
(no I or O because of confusion with numbers 1 and 0)
I & O are not used in PCS but are used when coding diagnoses.

8. *Documentation Alert ICD-10-PCS Coding Guideline:
A8: All seven characters must be specified to be a valid code. If the documentation is incomplete for coding purposes, the physician should be queried for the necessary information.
This is another difference between ICD-10-CM and PCS.
When coding diagnoses, the character length MAY be 3 to 7 characters long while in PCS the code will ALWAYS be 7 characters.

9. *Documentation Alert ICD-10-PCS Coding Guideline:
A11: Many of the terms used to construct PCS codes are defined within the system. It is the coder’s responsibility to determine what the documentation in the medical record equates to in the PCS definition. The physician is not expected to use the terms used in PCS code descriptions, nor is the coder required to query the physician when the correlation between the documentation and the defined PCS terms is clear. Example: When the physician documents “partial resection” the coder can independently correlate “partial resection” to the root operation Excision without querying the physician for clarification.

10. Structures and Features Comparison10
Structures and Features Comparison
ICD-9-CM Volume 3
(Procedures)
ICD-10-PCS
Consists of:
-Index
-Tabular
Index
Provides first 3 or 4 values of the code
- Tables
Must be used to build complete code
In ICD-10-PCS we define the coding process as “building” a code.

11. Structure and Features of ICD-10-PCS
Character Meanings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Section
Sections (#16)
0 Medical & Surgical
·        For procedures in the Medical & Surgical section the first character will always be zero (0).
Sections 1-9 comprise the Medical & Surgical-related sections such as obstetrical procedures and extracorporeal therapies, while sections B-D and F-H contain the Ancillary sections including procedures such as imaging and nuclear medicine.
The first character in a 7 character PCS code will always indicate the Section.
The Medical & Surgical Section will be the most common area that inpatient procedure codes will be assigned from and procedures from this section
will always begin with a first character of 0 (zero).

12. This screen lists the 16 sections of PCS
This screen lists the 16 sections of PCS. The first character in a 7 character PCS code will always indicate the Section.
This is another difference between ICD-10 diagnosis and procedure coding. A diagnosis code will always begin with a letter (alpha character)
while procedure codes will begin with either an alpha OR numeric character depending on which section it is coded from.

13. Body Systems (#31) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Section Body System 2nd Character1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Section
Body System
2nd Character
Body Systems (#31)
Body systems are specified in the second character.
There are 31 Body Systems within the Medical & Surgical Section.
Guideline B2.2 Body systems designated as upper or lower contain body parts located above or below the diaphragm respectively.

14. Root Operation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Section Body System Root Operation1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Section
Body System
Root Operation
 3rd Character
Root Operation
The third character specifies the root operation, or the objective/intent of the procedure.
There are 31 root operations within the Medical & Surgical Section.
Each root operation has a precise definition.

15. ICD-10 PCS Coding Guidelines
B3.1a In order to determine the appropriate root operation, the full definition of the root operation as contained in the PCS Tables must be applied.
ICD-9-PCS Coding Guidelines:
B3.1a is just one of many coding guidelines regarding root operations.

16. ICD-10 Procedure Coding System Global Root Operations (Section 0-9)16
Alteration
Definition-Modifying the anatomic structure of a body part without affecting the function of the body part
Explanation-Principal purpose is to improve appearance
Examples-Face lift, breast augmentation
Bypass
Definition-Altering the route of passage of the contents of a tubular body part
Explanation-Rerouting contents around an area of a body part to another distal (downstream) area in the normal route; rerouting the contents to another different but similar route and body part; or to an abnormal route and another dissimilar body part. It includes one or more concurrent anastomoses with or without the use of a device such as autografts, tissue substitutes and synthetic substitutes.
Examples-Coronary artery bypass, colostomy formation
Change
Definition-Taking out or off a device from a body part and putting back an identical or similar device in or on the same body part without cutting or puncturing the skin or a mucous membrane.
Explanation- All Change procedures are coded using the approach External
Examples-Urinary catheter change, gastrostomy tube change
Control
Definition-Stopping, or attempting to stop, postprocedure bleeding
Explanation-The site of the bleeding is coded as an anatomical region and not to a specific body part.
Examples-Control of post-prostatectomy hemorrhage, control of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage
The following screens list the 31 root operations, their definitions and examples of procedures that are within each root operation.

17. Global Root Operations (Section 0-9)17
Creation
Definition-Making a new genital structure that does not take over the function of a body part
Explanation-Used only for sex change operations
Examples-Creation of vagina in a male, creation of penis in a female
Destruction
Definition-Physical eradicating all or a portion of a body part by the direct use of energy, force or a destructive agent
Explanation- None of the body part is physically taken out.
Examples-Fulguration of rectal polyp, cautery of skin lesion
Detachment
Definition-Cutting off all or a portion of an upper or lower extremity
Explanation-The body part value is the site of the detachment, with a qualifier if applicable to further specify the level where the extremity was detached
Examples-Below knee amputation, disarticulation of shoulder
Dilation
Definition-Expanding an orifice or the lumen of a tubular body part
Explanation-The orifice can be a natural orifice or an artificially created orifice. Accomplished by stretching a tubular body part using intraluminal pressure or by cutting part of the orifice or wall of the tubular body part.
Examples-Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, pyloromyotomy
Division
Definition-Cutting into a body part without draining fluids and/or gases from the body part in order to separate or transect a body part
Explanation-All or a portion of the body part is separated into two or more portions
Examples-Spinal cordotomy, osteotomy

18. ICD-10 Procedure Coding System Global Root Operations (Section 0-9)18
Drainage
Definition-Taking or letting out fluids and/or gases from a body part
Explanation-The qualifier DIAGNOSTIC is used to identify drainage procedures that are biopsies.
Examples-Thoracentesis, incision and drainage
Excision
Definition-Cutting out or off, without replacement, a portion of a body part
Explanation-The qualifier DIAGNOSTIC is used to identify excision procedures that are biopsies
Examples-partial nephrectomy, liver biopsy
Extirpation
Definition-Taking or cutting out solid matter from a body part
Explanation-The solid matter may be an abnormal byproduct of a biological function or a foreign body. The solid matter is imbedded in a body part, or is in the lumen of a tubular body part. The solid matter may or may not have been previously broken into pieces. No appreciable amount of the body part is taken out.
Examples-Thrombectomy, choledocholithotomy
Extraction
Definition-Pulling or stripping out or off all or a portion of a body part
Explanation-The body part is pulled or stripped from its location by the use of force (e.g., manual, suction). The qualifier DIAGNOSTIC is used to identify extraction procedures that are biopsies.
Examples-Dilation and curettage, vein stripping

19. Global Root Operations (Section 0-9)19
Fragmentation
Definition-Breaking solid matter in a body part into pieces.
Explanation-The solid matter may be an abnormal byproduct of a biological function or a foreign body. Physical force (e.g., manual, ultrasonic) applied directly or indirectly through intervening body parts is used to break the solid matter into pieces. The pieces of solid matter are not taken out, but are eliminated or absorbed through normal biological functions.
Examples-Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, transurethral lithotripsy
Fusion
Definition-Joining together portions of an articular body part rendering the articular body part immobile.
Explanation-The body part is joined together by fixation device, bone graft, or other means.
Examples-Spinal fusion, ankle arthrodesis
Insertion
Definition-Putting in a non-biological appliance that monitors, assists, performs or prevents a physiological function but does not physically take the place of a body part.
Explanation- None
Examples-Insertion of radioactive implant, insertion of central venous catheter
Inspection
Definition-Visually and/or manually exploring a body part.
Explanation-Visual exploration may be performed with or without optical instrumentation. Manual exploration may be performed directly or through intervening body layers.
Examples-Diagnostic arthroscopy, exploratory laparotomy

20. ICD-10 Procedure Coding System Global Root Operations (Section 0-9)20
Map
Definition-Locating the route of passage of electrical impulses and/or locating functional areas in a body part
Explanation-Applicable only to the cardiac conduction mechanism and the central nervous system
Examples-Cardiac mapping, cortical mapping
Occlusion
Definition-Completely closing an orifice or the lumen of a tubular body part
Explanation-The orifice can be a natural orifice or an artificially created orifice
Examples-Fallopian tube ligation, ligation of inferior vena cava
Reattachment
Definition-Putting back in or on all or a portion of a separated body part to its normal location or other suitable location
Explanation-Vascular circulation and nervous pathways may or may not be reestablished
Examples-Reattachment of hand, reattachment of avulsed kidney
Release
Definition-Freeing a body part from an abnormal physical constraint by cutting or by use of force
Explanation- Some of the restraining tissue may be taken out but none of the body part is taken out
Examples-Adhesiolysis, carpal tunnel release

21. ICD-10 Procedure Coding System Global Root Operations (Section 0-9)21
Removal
Definition-Taking out or off a device from a body part
Explanation-If the device is taken out and a similar device is put in without cutting or puncturing the skin or mucous membrane, the procedure is coded to the root operation CHANGE. Otherwise, the procedure for taking out the device is coded to the root operation REMOVAL and the procedure for putting in the new device is coded to the root operation performed.
Examples-Drainage tube removal, cardiac pacemaker removal
Repair
Definition-Restoring, to the extent possible, a body part to its normal anatomic structure and function
Explanation-Used only when the method to accomplish the repair is not one of the other root operations
Examples-Herniorrhaphy, suture of laceration
Replacement
Definition-Putting in or on biological or synthetic material that physically takes the place of all or a portion of a body part
Explanation-The biological material is non-living, or the biological material is living and from the same individual. The body part may have been previously taken out, previously replaced, or may be taken out concomitantly with the Replacement procedure. If the body part has been previously replaced, a separate Removal procedure is coded for taking out the device used in the previous replacement.
Examples-Total hip replacement, free skin graft

22. ICD-10 Procedure Coding System Global Root Operations (Section 0-9)22
Reposition
Definition-Moving to its normal location or other suitable location all or a portion of a body part
Explanation-The body part is moved to a new location from an abnormal location, or from a normal location where it is not functioning correctly. The body part may or may not be cut out or off to be moved to the new location.
Examples-Reposition of undescended testicle, fracture reduction
Resection
Definition-Cutting out or off, without replacement, all of a body part.
Explanation-None
Examples-Total nephrectomy, total lobectomy of lung
Restriction
Definition-Partially closing an orifice or the lumen of a tubular body part
Explanation-The orifice can be a natural orifice or an artificially created orifice.
Examples-Esophagogastric fundoplication, cervical cerclage
Revision
Definition-Correcting to the extent possible a malfunctioning or displaced device
Explanation-Revision can include correcting a malfunctioning or displaced device by taking out or putting in components of the device such as a screw.
Examples-Adjustment of pacemaker lead, adjustment of hip prosthesis
Resection—all of a body part.
Excision—portion of a body part.

23. ICD-10 Procedure Coding System Global Root Operations (Section 0-9)23
Supplement
Definition-Putting in or on biological or synthetic material that physically reinforces or augments the function of a body part
Explanation-The biological material is non-living, or living and from the same individual. The body part may have been previously replaced. If the body part has been previously replaced, the Supplement procedure is performed to physically reinforce and/or augment the function of the replaced body part
Examples-Herniorrhaphy using mesh, free nerve mitral valve ring annuloplasty, put a new acetabular liner in a previous hip replacement
Transfer
Definition-Moving, without taking out, all or a portion of a body part to another location take over the function of all or a portion of a body part
Explanation-The body part transferred remains connected to its vascular and nervous supply.
Examples-Tendon transfer, skin pedicle flap transfer

24. ICD-10 Procedure Coding System Global Root Operations (Section 0-9)24
Transplantation
Definition-Putting in or on all or a portion of a living body part taken from another individual or animal to physically take the place and/or function of all or a portion of a similar body part
Explanation-The native body part may or may not be taken out, and the transplanted body part may take over all or a portion of its function
Examples-Kidney transplant, heart transplant

25. 4th Character Body Part 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Section Body System
Root Operation
Body Part
4th Character Body Part
The fourth character of a PCS code identifies the body part.
ICE-10-PCS does not provide a specific value for every body part. The body part value selected would either be the whole body part value (e.g. alveolar process is part of the mandible), or with nerves and vessels, the body part value is coded to the closest proximal branch.

26. Comparing ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-PCS:
Release Carpal Tunnel Release, Percutaneous
In the ICD-9-CM Alphabetic Index locate the main term “release,” followed by subterm “carpal tunnel (for nerve decompression)” which identifies code 04.43, Release of carpal tunnel.
In ICD-10-PCS, the main term entry of “release” requires the coder to select the body part being released. It is necessary to know that the median nerve is released during a carpal tunnel release. The body part value assigned is the structure released (median nerve) and not the structure cut (carpal ligament) to obtain the release. The subterm “nerve, median” below the main term “release” leads to 01N5. The 01N table is then accessed to construct the remainder of the code. The code assigned for a percutaneous release of the median nerve is 01N53ZZ.

27. 5th Character Approach (7 Options) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Section Body System
Root Operation
Body Part
Approach
5th Character
Approach (7 Options)
The approach is the technique used to reach the site of the procedure and is the 5th character.

28. ICD-10 Procedure Coding System Medical and Surgical Approaches28 1
Open
Cutting through the skin or mucous membrane and any other body layers necessary to expose the site of the procedure
Example: Abdominal hysterectomy 2
Percutaneous
Entry, by puncture or minor incision, of instrumentation through the skin or mucous membrane and any other body layers necessary to reach the site of the procedure
Example: Needle biopsy of liver 3
Percutaneous Endoscopic
Entry, by puncture or minor incision, of instrumentation through the skin or mucous membrane and any other body layers necessary to reach and visualize the site of the procedure Example: Arthroscopy 4
Via natural or artificial opening
Entry of instrumentation through a natural or artificial external opening to reach the site of the procedure Example: Endotracheal intubation 5
Via natural or artificial opening endoscopic
Entry of instrumentation through a natural or artificial external opening to reach and visualize the site of the procedure
Example: Sigmoidoscopy 6
Via natural or artificial opening endoscopic with percutaneous endoscopic assistance
Entry of instrumentation through a natural or artificial external opening and entry, by puncture or minor incision, of instrumentation through the skin or mucous membrane and any other body layers necessary to aid in the performance of the procedure Example: Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy 7
External
Procedures performed directly on the skin or mucous membrane and procedures performed indirectly by the application of external force through the skin or mucous membrane Example: Closed fracture reduction
There are 7 different approaches in the Medical & Surgical section.
This screen lists the definitions and examples of the various approaches.

29. Device 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Section Body System Root Operation Body Part1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Section
Body System
Root Operation
Body Part
Approach
Device
 6th Character
Device
The device (if used) is specified in the sixth character.

30. Types of Devices Devices that remain after the procedure is completed
4 general types of devices:
Biological or synthetic material that takes the place of all or a portion of a body part (i.e., skin graft, joint prosthesis)
Biological or synthetic material that assists or prevents a physiological function (i.e., IUD)
Therapeutic material that is not absorbed by, eliminated by, or incorporated into a body part (i.e., radioactive implant)
Mechanical or electronic appliances used to assist, monitor, take the place of, or prevent a physiological function (i.e., cardiac defibrillator, orthopedic pin)
Materials such as sutures, ligatures, radiological markers, and temporary post-operative wound drains are considered integral to the procedure and are not coded as devices.
The first bullet is taken from the Introduction section of the PCS codebook.
The second bullet is PCS coding guideline B6.1b

31. 7th Character - Qualifier 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Section
Body System
Root Operation
Body Part
Approach
Device
Qualifier
7th Character - Qualifier
-Defines an additional attribute of the procedure performed, if applicable.
The qualifier is specified in the seventh character. The qualifier contains unique values for individual procedures.
Examples of qualifiers are the type of transplant (Allogeneic: same species, Syngeneic: genetically identical or Zooplastic: animal to human),
or destination site of a bypass.

32. Medical and Surgical Section (0)
ICD-9 Volume 3
ICD-10-PCS
81.91 Arthrocentesis
Arthrocentesis, right knee, diagnostic, no device
0S9C3ZX
51.23 Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
0FT44ZZ
51.22 Open cholecystectomy
0FT40ZZ
54.91 Percutaneous abdominal drainage
Not diagnostic, no device
0W9F3ZZ
03.31 Spinal tap
Diagnostic
009U3ZX (spinal canal)
009Y3ZX (lumbar spinal cord)_Spinal canal appears more appropriate
In ICD-9 we only know this is a joint aspiration (any joint, either side).
0S9C3ZX--With ICD-10 we now identify with character 4 that this is the right knee joint.
Lap chole 0FT44ZZ
Chole 0FT40ZZ
Percutaneous abdominal drainage 0W9F3ZZ Drainage abdominal wall, perc,
Spinal tap, drainage spinal canal, percutaneous, diagnostic 009U32X

33. Medical and Surgical Section (0)
ICD-9 Volume 3
ICD-10-PCS
86.04 Incision and drainage skin
Left upper arm, diagnostic
0H9CXZX
54.51 Laparoscopic lysis of peritoneal adhesions
0DNW4ZZ
54.59 Open lysis of adhesions
Greater omentum
ADN50ZZ
34.04 Insertion chest tube
Left, percutaneous with device
0W9B30Z
64.0 Circumcision
0VTTXZZ
I&D skin, drainage left upper arm, external approach, diagnostic. Need site and laterality 0H9CXZX
Laparoscopic, peritoneal 0DNW4ZZ
Open, greater omentum, multiple sites available 0DNS0ZZ
Insertion chest tube, drainage, left, percutaneous with device 0W9B30Z
Circumcision (adult or newborn) 0VTTXZZ

34. Obstetric Section
The obstetric section includes procedures performed on the products of conception only. Procedures on the pregnant female are coded in the Medical & Surgical section (e.g., episiotomy).
The term “products of conception” refers to all physical components of a pregnancy, including the fetus, amnion, umbilical cord, and placenta. There is no differentiation based on gestational age.
The specification of the products of conception as a zygote, embryo or fetus, or the trimester of the pregnancy is not part of the procedure code but can be found in the diagnosis code.

35. Obstetric Section Character 1 - Section - always 1
Character 2 - Body System - Pregnancy
Character 3 - Root Operation
Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean are both Extraction
Character 4 - Body Part
Products of Conception
Products of Conception, retained
Products of Conception, ectopic
Character 5 - Approach
Character 6 - Device (Fetal Monitor electrodes)
Character 7 - Qualifier (type of extraction, type of Cesarean Section, or type of fluid taken out)

36. Medical and Surgical Section (0) Obstetrics Section (1)
ICD-9 Volume 3
ICD-10-PCS
73.6 Episiotomy
0W8NXZZ Episiotomy
10E0XZZ Delivery
74.1 Low cervical cesarean section
10D00Z1
73.09 AROM
10907ZC (Amniotic fluid is considered a product of conception)
75.4 Manual removal placenta
10D17ZZ
72.79 Vacuum extraction
10D07Z6 (Extraction – vacuum is the qualifier)
Episiotomy 0W8NXZZ (division female perineum, external approach) + 10E0XZZ for delivery
Low cervical cesarean section 10D00Z1:
Vacuum delivery 10D07Z6 (qualifier is Vacuum)
Manual removal placenta 10D17ZZ
AROM 10907ZC

37. Obstetric Section Vaginal delivery, vacuum:
Extraction: Extraction of Products of Conception, Vacuum, Via Natural or Artificial Opening
Vaginal delivery with episiotomy:
Extraction: Delivery of Products of Conception, External Approach
Division of Female Perineum, External Approach
Cesarean Section
Extraction: Extraction of products of conception, low cervical, open approach (Low cervical Cesarean section)

38. Placement (2) Character 1 – Section Always 2
Character 2 – Anatomical Region
Anatomical Region or:
Anatomical Orifices
Character 3 – Root Operation
No incision or puncture
Compression ;Dressing: Immobilization; Packing; and Traction are root operations in the Placement Section
Character 4 – Body Region/Orifice
Character 5 – Approach - Always External
Character 6 – Device – almost always a device
Character 7 – Qualifier - always No Qualifier
Character 6 -

39. Placement Packing of external ear canal: 2Y42X5Z
Splinting of right ankle: 2W3LX1Z
If a device is taken out and similar device is put in to the same region (without cutting or puncture of skin or mucous membrane) it is “change”
Packing ear – 2Y42X5Z (packing of ear using packing material)
Splinting right ankle – 2W3LX1Z (immobilization of right lower extremity using splint).

40. Administration (3)
Administration section codes represent procedures for putting in or on a therapeutic, prophylactic, protective, diagnostic, nutritional, or physiological substance. The section includes transfusions, infusions, and injections, along with other similar services such as irrigation and tattooing.

41. Administration Section (3)
Character 1 - Section - always 3
Character 2 - Body System
Indwelling Device
Physiological System and Anatomical Regions
Circulatory System (transfusion procedures)
Character 3 - Root Operation
Introduction
Irrigation
Transfusion
Character 4 - Body System/Region
Character 5 - Approach
Percutaneous injection, insertion of catheter to introduce contrast
Character 6 - Substance
Character 7 - Qualifier
#6 – i.e. anesthetic, contrast, dialysate, blood products
#7 – Autologous ( ) or nonautologous ( ) or to further specify substance

42. 96.04 Endotracheal intubation Not endoscopic 0BH17EZ
ICD-9 Volume 3
ICD-10-PCS
96.04 Endotracheal intubation
Not endoscopic
0BH17EZ
96.71 Mechanical ventilation <96 consecutive hours
Less than 24 hours
5A1935Z
99.15 TPN
2 codes (upper vein)
05HY33Z
3E0336Z
73.4 Medical induction labor (IV Oxytocin)
3E033VJ (intro, peripheral vein, hormone)
99.04 Packed cell transfusion
30233N1
75.34 External fetal monitoring
4A1HXCZ
Endotracheal intubation 0BH17EZ
Vent Less than 24 hours 5A19352
TPN-05HY332 insertion infusion device upper vein, percutaneous + 3E03362 intro nutritional substance into peripheral vein, percutaneous
3E033VJ Introduction peripheral vein, hormone
30233N1 Packed cell transfusion
4A1HXCZ external fetal monitoring

43. Extracorporeal Assistance and Performance Section (5)
In Extracorporeal Assistance and Performance procedures, equipment outside the body is used to assist or perform a physiological function. The section includes procedures performed in a critical care setting, such as mechanical ventilation and cardioversion; it also includes other services such as hyperbaric oxygen treatment and hemodialysis.

44. Resources: Comprehensive Anatomy and Physiology for ICD-10-CM and -PCS Coding (Softbound) - ($149.95)
This website provides free access to Gray’s Anatomy book with illustrations which may be beneficial for participants.