1. Sources of Energy Ms. Angels 3rd Grade Greenbriar West Elementary 2004-2005

2. Teaching Strategy Lecture –Reinforce terms from handout provided by GBW –Interactive – use handout as framework, not many answers on the sheets – marks the sheets the students will get Lab –Provide handout for lab groups to use –Reinforce skills in observation, data collecting, data plotting, and making conclusions

3. Topics Energy –Mass and Force –Potential and Kinetic Energy –Electricity Renewable Energy Sources Nonrenewable Energy Sources

4. Energy Examine mass, force, and work as an introduction to energy and power

5. Mass What is mass? Does a party balloon have more mass than a candy bar? How do you figure out an objects mass?

6. Mass What is mass? –Matter or stuff Does a party balloon have more mass than a candy bar? –Bring in one of each; contrast size vs mass How do you figure out an objects mass? –Weigh it; but is mass the same thing as weight? No, will talk about this in a moment; mass of something is the same no matter what but its weight varies…

7. Force – Key Points What is a force? Why does gravity exert a force on you? If an object is not moving does that mean that there are no forces on it?

8. Force – Key Points Answers What is a force? –Something that pushes or pulls you Why does gravity exert a force on you? –Two objects with mass attract each other If an object is not moving does that mean that there are no forces on it? –It may but it probably means that the forces acting on an object cancel out

9. Forces The man is standing still. Are there any forces on the man? If so, draw them. floor

10. Forces The force due to gravity is the same in size, but opposite in direction, to the force by the floor!!!! Floor Gravity

11. Gravitational Force - Questions So what causes a gravitational force? Is there a gravitational force on the moon? –Is it larger or smaller than the gravitational force on the Earth?

12. Gravitational Force - Answer So what causes a gravitational force? –Two objects are attracted to each other Object 2 (has mass) Object 1 (has mass) F1F1 F2F2 F 1 = F 2

13. Gravitational Force Gravitational force keeps us stuck to the Earth!!! We actually pull on the Earth but the Earth is too big to move!!! Earth Person F F F person = F earth How much you weigh depends on your mass and the mass of the planet you are on.

14. Gravitational Force - Questions Is there a gravitational force on a person standing on the moon? –Is it larger or smaller than the gravitational force on the Earth? –Why?

15. Gravitational Force - Answers Is there a gravitational force on the moon? –Is it larger or smaller than the gravitational force on the Earth? yes The gravitational force is smaller on the moon – 1/6 of the Earth. –Why? The moon is smaller (1/6 th the mass) than the Earth.

16. How the Moon Causes Tides Since the water in the oceans are liquid they are pulled out of shape by the moons gravitational force –Causes water level to rise thus creating tides (i.e. water seemingly getting deeper and shallower for no apparent reason) Earth Moon Water bulging up

17. Weight vs Mass Weight is a force: W = m g –m = mass and –g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s 2 m (kg)W (N) 1098 549 12118 552 18177 547 878 Mass, kg Weight, N 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 40 0 20 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 PLOT THE DATA!!

18. Weight vs Mass The slope of the plot is g = 9.81 m/s 2 m (kg)W (N) 1098 549 12118 552 18177 547 878 Mass, kg Weight, N 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 40 0 20 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 X X X X X X X

19. Break

20. Work Review: Force is a push or a pull Exerting a force over a distance is WORK –For example, pushing the desk across the room is a lot of work

21. Potential and Kinetic Energy – Key Facts What is energy? What is potential energy? What is kinetic energy?

22. Potential and Kinetic Energy – Key Facts What is energy? –Ability to do work Potential energy – stored energy –How can we store energy? Kinetic energy – energy of movement –How is potential energy converted into kinetic energy?

23. Potential Energy Does the ball have any stored energy here?

24. Potential Energy Does the ball have any stored energy here? NO YES, we moved the ball against gravity (did work)

25. Potential Energy What happens when we let go of the ball? If the ball is to move show the direction of the ball. Label the forces on the ball!!!!

26. Potential/Kinetic Energy What happens when we let go of the ball? It starts to fall – has kinetic energy Convert potential into kinetic energy If the ball is to move show the direction of the ball. Label the forces on the ball!!!! Gravity is larger force than air resistance velocity Gravity Air resistance

27. Quick Review of Science Facts Force is a push or pull Work is exerting a force over a distance Energy is the ability to do work Power is energy being used over a period of time

28. Introduction to Electricity

29. Electricity Electricity is a form of energy that starts with atoms. –Atoms are too small to see, but they make up everything around us. –An atom has three tiny parts: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The center of the atom has at least one proton and one neutron. At least one electron travels around the center of the atom at great speed. Electricity is created by forcing electrons to flow from atom to atom. –What kind of energy is this?

30. Electricity - Answers Electricity is a form of energy that starts with atoms. –Atoms are too small to see, but they make up everything around us. –An atom has three tiny parts: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The center of the atom has at least one proton and one neutron. At least one electron travels around the center of the atom at great speed. Electricity is created by forcing electrons to flow from atom to atom. –What kind of energy is this? Kinetic energy – the electrons are moving

31. How Electricity is Generated Most electricity used in the United States is produced at power plants. –Various energy sources are used to turn turbines. –The spinning turbine shafts turn electromagnets that are surrounded by heavy coils of copper wire inside generators. –This creates a magnetic field, which causes the electrons in the copper wire to move from atom to atom.

32. Nonrenewable Energy Sources

33. Renewable vs Non-Renewable? What is a renewable energy source? What is a non-renewable energy source?

34. Renewable vs Non-Renewable? What is a renewable energy source? –You can make more of it What is a non-renewable energy source? –There is a limited amount of it and you cannot make more of it

35. Break

36. Non-Renewable Energy Sources Give some examples of nonrenewable energy sources

37. Fossil Fuels The majority of electricity used in the United States is generated from power plants that burn fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas). –Why do we call these fossil fuels? –Why does this make them nonrenewable? When the fossil fuels are burned they heat water and make steam. –The highly pressurized steam is directed at the blades of turbines to make them spin. –What type of energy conversion is this process?

38. Fossil Fuels The majority of electricity used in the United States is generated from power plants that burn fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas). –Why do we call these fossil fuels? Oil, coal, and gas are formed by many tiny organisms being compressed (high heat and pressure) by layers of sand and rock over the years –Why does this make them nonrenewable? It takes millions of years to create fossil fuels When the fossil fuels are burned they heat water and make steam. –The highly pressurized steam is directed at the blades of turbines to make them spin. –What type of energy conversion is this process? Potential into kinetic and kinetic into kinetic

39. Nuclear Energy Nuclear power plants use the heat from splitting atoms to convert water into the steam that turns turbines. –These plants rely on uranium, a type of metal that must be mined from the ground and specially processed. –Fuel rods containing uranium are placed next to each other in a machine called a nuclear reactor. –The reactor causes the uranium atoms to split and in so doing, they release a tremendous amount of heat.

40. Renewable Energy Sources

41. Give some examples of renewable energy sources – be creative!!!

42. Solar Energy Solar energy is generated without a turbine or electromagnet. Special panels of photovoltaic cells capture light from the sun and convert it directly into electricity. The electricity is stored in a battery. What type of energy conversion process is happening here?

43. Solar Energy Solar energy is generated without a turbine or electromagnet. Special panels of photovoltaic cells capture light from the sun and convert it directly into electricity. The electricity is stored in a battery. What type of energy conversion process is happening here? –Kinetic to electrical

44. Wood Burn wood from trees to produce heat to create steam by heating water which in turn power turbines Wood is renewable only if trees are replanted and grown as quickly as they are used Why is wood not normally used to make electricity?

45. Wood Burn wood from trees to produce heat to create steam by heating water which in turn power turbines Wood is renewable only if trees are replanted and grown as quickly as they are used Why is word not used to make electricity? Doesnt create much heat (per lb) and is very messy

46. Grain Fuel - Ethanol Distill grain into a liquid fuel called ethanol that can be used for cars and power plants –Renewable source is simply grain (e.g. wheat, barley, etc – like those used in bread) – can always grow more –Over 2 million cars per year in the USA already are set up to run on E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline)

48. Geothermal Power Steam (or hot water converted to steam) from under the ground is used to turn turbines. –Usually from geysers or hot springs Why might this form of energy not be used very much?

49. Geothermal Power Steam (or hot water converted to steam) from under the ground is used to turn turbines. –Usually from geysers or hot springs Why might this form of energy not be used very much? Not many hot springs and difficult to pipe steam or hot water

50. Hydropower Hydroelectric plants use the power of falling water to turn the turbines that help generate electricity. Water stored behind a dam is released and directed through special tubes to flow against the blades of turbines and make them turn. –What type of energy conversion is taking place? Hydropower provides about 10 percent of the electricity generated in the United States. –The most famous hydroelectric facility in the country is Hoover Dam.

51. Wind Power Wind is usually created by uneven heating of the earth The force of the wind is used to spin many small turbines. Most wind power is produced from wind farms large groups of turbines located in consistently windy locations. Why might wind power be difficult to generate?

52. Wind Power Wind is usually created by uneven heating of the earth The force of the wind is used to spin many small turbines. Most wind power is produced from wind farms large groups of turbines located in consistently windy locations. Why might wind power be difficult to generate? Some days it is not windy and the windmills or turbines take up a lot of room

53. Wind and water power experiment (split class into two teams) Water Pour a gallon of water each day into hydropower plant Count turns of the wheel Plot the data Reuse water Make observations Wind Take wind power plant outside each day for one hour Count turns of the gear Plot the data Make observations

54. Wind and Water Plots Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Turns 10 8 6 4 2 0 Use W for wind and H for water (hydro)

55. Wind and Water Plots (possible example results) Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Turns 10 8 6 4 2 0 Use W for wind and H for water (hydro) W W W W W W W W WW H H H H H HH H H H

56. Experiment Summary What would be the best way to produce energy – water or wind? Energy SourceGood About ItBad About It Water Wind

57. Ms Angels Class Experiment, Plot, Observe And Conclude