1. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 1 - Part 4: LFG Utilization

2. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 2 - LFG Utilization Typical Low-Grade Fuel System with Heat Export

3. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 3 - LFG Utilization Technical Options for Electrical Power from LFG

4. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 4 - LFG Utilization Guidelines for Technology Selection: Electrical Generation from LFG Technology Preferred Plant Size (MW) Fuel Grade Minimum LFG Heating Value (BTU/cf) Minimum Methane Content (%v/v) Plant Efficiency Gross (%) Plant Efficiency Net (%) Reciprocating Gas Engines 0.5-12Medium 400 (LHV) 45~35~30 Gas Turbines 3-18Medium 360 (LHV) 40~27~21 Combined Cycle >10Medium 350 (LHV) 40~37~35 LFG-Fired Boiler with Steam Turbine 10-50Low-Medium 200 (HHV) 20~33~30 LHV = Low Heating Value HHV = High Heating Value

5. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 5 - LFG Utilization Typical Low-Grade Fuel System with Heat Export

6. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 6 - LFG Utilization Typical Facility Sending LFG to Nearby Industry

7. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 7 - LFG Utilization Typical LFG-Fired Steam Power Plant

8. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 8 - LFG Utilization Typical Gas Engine Power Plant

9. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 9 - LFG Utilization LFG Engine

10. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 10 - LFG Utilization Exhaust from LFG Engines

11. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 11 - LFG Utilization Typical LFG-to-Electricity Facility

12. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 12 - LFG Utilization Control Panels at LFG-to-Electricity Facility

13. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 13 - LFG Utilization Gas Turbine Power Plant

14. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 14 - LFG Utilization Microturbine Power Plant

15. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 15 - LFG Utilization Microturbine Project in California, USA

16. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 16 - LFG Utilization Typical Combined Cycle LFG Utilization System

17. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 17 - LFG Utilization Typical High-Grade LFG Fuel System

18. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 18 - LFG Utilization Fuel Cell Electrical Power

19. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 19 - LFG Utilization LFG Utilization Development Process

20. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 20 - LFG Utilization Budget Yardsticks for LFG Utilization Systems (in 2005 Canadian dollars) Utilization Technology Typical Site Sizes (million tonnes) Capital Costs ($/tonne) Capital Costs ($/kW generated) Annual Operations & Maintenance Costs ($/kW generated/yr) Reciprocating Engine 1 – 8 $1.35-$1.95$1,500-$2,000$180-$220 Gas Turbine 3 - 12 $1.60-$1.90$1,500-$2,000$110-$145 Combined Cycle >10$1.35-$1.95$1,000-$1,500$60-$100 Boiler/steam turbine >6$1.20-$1.80$1,000-$1,500$55-$85 Assumption: 800 to 1200 kW/million tonnes of MSW