1. Jimmy Carter, Playboy interview 1976
CHAPTER 30
Crisis of Confidence
1969 – 1980
“I have looked on a lot of women with lust. I’ve committed adultery in my heart many times. God recognizes I will do this and forgives me.”
Jimmy Carter, Playboy interview 1976

2. “They asked if I’d fight for my country. I answered the FBI yeah,
I will point a gun for my country,
But I won’t guarantee you which way.”
Woody Guthrie
Source:  Pete Seeger -- an original verse, sung to Acres of Clams
"We are all capable of believing things which we know to be untrue, and then, when we are finally proved wrong, impudently twisting the facts so as to show that we were right. Intellectually, it is possible to carry on this process for an indefinite time: the only check on it is that sooner or later a false belief bumps up against solid reality, usually on a battlefield."  George Orwell [1946 essay "In Front of Your Nose."]
"I don¹t see why we need to stand by and watch a country go communist.” Henry Kissinger [about Chile’s election of Salvadore Allende]

3. "Anyone who has the power to make you believe absurdities has the power to make you commit atrocities." Voltaire
"Learning is not compulsory. Neither is survival." -- W. Edwards Deming, business consultant and author
"Allow the President to invade a neighboring nation, whenever he shall deem it necessary to repel an invasion, and you allow him to do so, whenever he may choose to say he deems it necessary for such a purpose -- and you allow him to make war at pleasure. Study to see if you can fix any limit to his power in this respect, after you have given him so much … [power]. If, today, he should choose to say he thinks it necessary to invade Canada, to prevent the British from invading us, how could you stop him? You may say to him, 'I see no probability of the British invading us' but he will say to you, 'Be silent; I see it, if you don't.'" Congressman Abraham Lincoln during era of "Polk's War"  (Lincoln: Speeches and Writings , The Library of America)

7. Joan Baez and Bob Dylan
At the Newport (Rhode Island) Jazz Festival in 1963, Joan Baez and Bob Dylan performed as folksingers who worked in the tradition of protest songs. Two years later in Newport, Dylan shocked the popular music world by replacing his acoustic instrument with an amplified guitar and backup and jump-starting a fruitful blending of folk, country, and rock music into radical new sounds. AP/Wide World Photos

8. Kim Phuc, napalm victim, Viet Nam
This Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph of 9-year-old Kim Phuc , center, running after an aerial napalm attack on her village in 1972 was taken by Associated Press photographer Nick Ut (Cong Ut). Kim suffered burns over 65% of her body. She survived and is now a peace activist. AP/Wide World Photos

9.  The War in Vietnam
The United States attacked North Vietnam with air strikes but confined large-scale ground operations to South Vietnam and Cambodia. In South Vietnam, U.S. forces faced both North Vietnamese army units and Viet Cong rebels, all of whom received supplies by way of the so-called Ho Chi Minh Trail, named for the leader of North Vietnam. The coordinated attacks on cities and towns throughout South Vietnam during the Tet Offensive in 1968 surprised the United States.

10. Richard Nixon
Sp Ct appointments -- Burger [Haynesworth/Carswell] Blackmun, Rehnquist, Powell
Revenue Sharing – block grant v. formula [liberal v. conservative]
Clean Air, EPA, Endangered Species, COLAs, Philadelphia plan
Pentagon Papers, Ellsberg
Watergate
Furman v. Georgia 1972
Roe v. Wade 1973
Vietnamization
Impeachment

11. Chapter Concepts Woodstock Music and Art Fair
Timothy Leary, Aldous Huxley, Jerry Rubin, Abbie Hoffman, Yippies
Jefferson Airplane, Beach Boys at BC [1963], Jimi Hendrix
Kent State University
Equal Rights Amendment [ERA]
La Raza Unida
Watergate
Roe v. Wade
Henry Kissinger, Détente, 1973 Chile, Vietnamization
George Wallace, George McGovern
Gerald Ford
Jimmy Carter -- Camp David Accords [Sadat and Begin]
Pentagon Papers, Daniel Ellsberg
Dick Tut in Orange County, “The people have spoken, the b…….s”
Jim Jones in Guyana
Students for a Democratic Society [SDS], Port Huron Statement, Tom Hayden
Free Speech Movement [FSM], Mario Savio, Jane Fonda, Noam Chomsky

12. Additional Concepts NIMBYs William Julius Wilson 1978 Bakke
California’s Proposition 13 in 1978
Anastasio Somoza, Sandinistas
1980 Olympic Games boycott / Afghanistan
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi [Shah]
Marielitos
October surprise? 1980
Stagflation – unemployment with inflation
Kern Council for Civic Unity, BC’s Duane Belcher Ad-Hoc BCSD
HEW Hearing, 1974 – Bakersfield City School District – de jure v. de facto
Minority Coalition, 1970s Kern County
Herb Klein, San Diego Union, Press Secretary
CSNY – Chicago and Ohio [songs]
Angela Davis, George Jackson [“Soledad Brother”]
My Lai – Lt. Calley, Seymour Hersh
1973 Wounded Knee, Dennis Banks, Russell Means in Kern County

13. Chapter Review
Explain the significance of Vietnamization as a cornerstone of Nixon’s foreign policy.
Describe the agendas of minority and women’s rights activists at the start of the 1970s.
List the major accomplishments of the Nixon administration in foreign affairs outside of Vietnam. [Détente, China]
Briefly outline the events that culminated in the Watergate scandal.
Explain the reasons for the oil crisis of the early 1970s.
Identify some of the policies promoted by Jimmy Carter when he became president in 1976.

14. Bibliography
William Julius Wilson, The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions [1980]
Gary Sick, October Surprise [1991]
Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President [1995]
Barbara Ehrenreich, Fear of Falling: The Inner Life of the Middle Class [1989]

15. Chronology
1973 Roe v. Wade legalizes abortion / national gov't [Sp. Ct.] forces all states to allow abortions
Arab embargo sparks oil crisis in the US
Construction of Alaska oil pipeline begins
1974 Richard Nixon resigns presidency; Gerald Ford
President Ford pardons Nixon and introduces anti-inflation program
Community Development Act funds programs for urban improvement
Coalition of Labor Union Women formed
1975 Unemployment rate reaches nearly 9 percent
South Vietnamese government falls Anti-busing protests break out in Boston
New York City government declares itself bankrupt

16. 1976. Percentage of African Americans attending college peaks at 9. 3
1976 Percentage of African Americans attending college peaks at 9.3 percent and begins a decline
Hyde Amendment restricts use of Medicare funds for abortions
Tom Wolfe declares "the Me Decade"
Jimmy Carter is elected president
1977 President Carter announces human rights as major tenet in foreign policy
Stagflation-- unemployment and inflation
Depart. of Energy is established
1978 Bakke v. University of California new limits on affirmative action Senator Edward Kennedy calls attention to "a permanent underclass"
Panama Canal Treaties arrange for turning the canal over to Panama by 2000
Camp David meeting terms for Middle East Peace
California passes Proposition 13, cutting property taxes and government social programs
Inflation reaches 10 percent

17. 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear accident threatens a meltdown
Moral Majority is formed
SALT II treaty is signed in Vienna but later stalls in the Senate
Nicaragua Revolution [Sandinistas] overthrows Anastasio Somoza
Iranian fundamentalists seize the U.S. embassy in Tehran and hold hostages 444 days
Soviets invade Afghanistan
Equal Rights Amendment, three states short of ratification, gets a three-year extension but eventually dies anyway
1980 United States boycotts Olympic Games in Moscow due to Afghanistan

18. I. America United and Divided
Neil Armstrong walks on moon and young people celebrate Woodstock in 1969
Nixon begins “Vietnamization” -- bringing American troops home
Anti-war movement escalates, with Kent State best example
Americans learn more about events in Vietnam and become even more divided

19. II. Activism, Rights and Reform
Women’s rights see some improvement
Minority groups push for rights as well
After not receiving black votes, Nixon shows little concern for civil rights
Nixon impacts Supreme Court, especially with Warren Burger
Roe v. Wade abortion ruling stuns country
Court also attacks lingering segregation

20. The Struggle for the Equal Rights Amendment
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
The Struggle for the Equal Rights Amendment

21. III. New Directions at Home and Abroad
Nixon restructures welfare and returns much control to state level
First Earth Day is celebrated in 1970, and Nixon joins ranks of environmentally aware
President supports CIA in covert actions in Latin America
Nixon visits China and eases tensions with Soviet Union

22. IV. Four More Years?
Watergate Hotel burglary goes unnoticed by most, and Nixon wins landslide victory
America withdraws from Vietnam in “exit without honor”
Watergate leads to Nixon’s resignation, and Gerald Ford becomes president
War in Middle East, and American support for Israel, bring oil embargo against U.S.

23. Presidential Election, 1972

24. V. Gerald Ford in the White House
Ford pardons Nixon and offers “conditional amnesty” to Vietnam draft evaders, angering many Americans
North Vietnam takes South Vietnam
Americans view Ford as unprepared
Jimmy Carter wins 1976 election

25. The Election of 1976

26. VI. The Carter Years
Carter supports civil rights, but affirmative action still polarizes nation
President oversees return of Canal Zone to Panama and orchestrates Camp David Accord between Israel and Egypt
Inflation, high unemployment, and energy crisis burden America
Iranian hostage situation unseats Carter

27. The Election of 1980

31. Kent State
The shootings at Kent State University in May 1970 reflected the deep divisions in American society created by the Vietnam War, including those between antiwar college students and young people serving in the armed forces. © John Paul Filo/Hutton/Archive

32. Antiwar Protests
Antiwar protests were simultaneously symbolic and disruptive. Some activists dumped jars of animal blood over draft-board records. Others tried to block munitions trains. In October 1967, a hundred thousand people marched on the Pentagon and surrounded it with the light of burning draft cards. Some in front stuck flowers in the rifle barrels of the soldiers ringing the building; others kicked and spat. The troops and police cleared the grounds with tear gas and clubs. Corbis–Bettman

33. Peace sign
A hippie gestures the peace sign while standing in a meadow. Getty Images, Inc.–Taxi

34. Black Panther Party
Some members of the Black Panther party raised funds to pay for the legal fees of those arrested and charged with various offenses, such as Bobby Seale and Ericka Huggins. The Panthers advocated a radical economic, social, and educational agenda that made the group the target of a determined campaign of suppression by the police and the FBI. Magnum Photos Inc.

35. MLK – the dream continued. . .
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Corbis/Bettmann

36. Nixon and Elvis
This is the single most requested item in the National Archives which contain, among other national treasures, originals of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. President Nixon and Elvis Presley met at the singer’s request. He had volunteered to work in the administration’s anti-drug crusade. The president, looking for a way to reach out to young people, readily agreed. He appointed Presley a “deputy” in the anti-drug war. Presley was, at the time, addicted to a variety of uppers, downers, and other medications. [Photograph is in the public domain and available at the National Archives]

37. Civilian Causalities in Vietnam
A South Vietnamese farmer grieves over the bodies of his wife and son lying in a mud paddy after stepping on a land mine in the Tay Ninh Province.

38. Nixon's Cabinet
President Richard Nixon confers with Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, John Ehrlichman, and Harry Haldeman in the Oval Office.

39. Securing Deo Mang Pass
U.S. Army troops from the 2nd Battalion, 502nd Infantry, 101st Airborne Division move away from a landing zone along a dirt road while securing Deo Mang Pass in 1965.

40. The Inauguration of Richard Nixon
Richard and Pat Nixon stand before a crowd during the presidential inauguration ceremonies on January 20, 1969.

41. Vietnam
An American soldier struggles through the thick jungle of the central highlands of Vietnam during a search-and-destroy mission.

42. Arthur Ashe
While African American athletes in boxing, football, baseball, and basketball were common in the early 1970s, Arthur Ashe was one of the few African American tennis stars and a frequent champion.

43. Environmental worries, 1973
Sign on bridge near PPG plant near Ponce, Puerto Rico, protests air pollution.

44. President Nixon meets with China's Communist Party Leader, Mao Tse-Tung in 1971
President Richard Nixon visited The People's Republic of China in 1971, forever ending the ''sterile pretense that Communist China did not exist.''

45. Rand, West Virginia, 1973
President Johnson's ''War on Poverty'' did not bring hope to all Americans. In Rand, W.Va., most of the inhabitants were still living in abject poverty in the 1970s.