1. An introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG 2008
An introduction to BEA Tuxedo
David Kurtz
Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

2. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Who am I?
UKOUG 2008
Oracle DBA
Independent consultant
ex-PeopleSoft UK
Performance Tuning
PeopleSoft ERP
Oracle RDBMS
Oak Table
Book
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

3. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
T&C
UKOUG 2008
If you can’t hear me say so now.
Make sure that you ask questions as we go along.
Trust nothing, trust nobody (especially me)
Question everything.
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

4. Why am I talking about Tuxedo
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Why am I talking about Tuxedo
UKOUG 2008
Tuxedo is now an Oracle product,
it is a part of your Oracle estate
Tuxedo used within PeopleSoft ERP
(although no ‘Tuxedo development’ required)
This presentation is a stalking horse.
As a UKOUG director, I want to gauge the interest in the product.
Somebody has to do it!
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

5. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG 2008
Architectural Overview
How it works
The DBA is often has the best mix of skills to assimilate this technology
Intimate relationship with the database
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

6. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
BEA says:
UKOUG 2008
Tuxedo is:
“middleware for building scalable multi-tier client/server applications in heterogeneous distributed environments.”
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

7. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG 2008
Transactions under
UniX
Extended for
Distributed
Operations
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

8. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Tuxedo Products
UKOUG 2008
BEA TSAM
Tuxedo Systems Application Monitor
I think this is what I used to know as ATMI
XA Transaction
BEA SALT
Services Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo
SOAP over HTTP
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

9. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
What is Tuxedo?
UKOUG 2008
I’m the DBA. Why should I care?
Intimate relationship with database
Sizing and Configuration
Affects your database
And therefore performance of system
DBA best placed to understand this technology.
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

10. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Tuxedo Concepts
UKOUG 2008
Remote subroutine call
Usually synchronous
Sometimes not
Message protocol
Amongst other things.
PeopleSoft only uses ATMI
Application-to-Transaction Monitor Interface
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

11. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
What is Tuxedo?
UKOUG 2008
The knots on the ends of the string?
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

12. PeopleSoft Two-tier client
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
PeopleSoft Two-tier client
UKOUG 2008
Presentation
Logic
Panel
Load
Save
Field
Change
etc...
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

13. PeopleSoft Three-tier client
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
PeopleSoft Three-tier client
UKOUG 2008
PeopleSoft created generic services
Presentation
Logic
Tuxedo Client
Tuxedo Server
Panel
Load
Save
Field
Change
etc...
Client Side
Server Side
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

14. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Three-tier client
UKOUG 2008
More conventional to make a business transaction into a service.
Presentation
Logic
Tuxedo Client
Tuxedo Server
Application
Logic
etc...
Client Side
Server Side
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

15. Advantage of Middleware
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Advantage of Middleware
UKOUG 2008
Application Logic removed from client
Few client-server communications
Reduced resource overhead
And it isn’t in the database either
Database CPUs must be licensed
Scalable middle-tier
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

16. Simple Application Server
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Simple Application Server
UKOUG 2008
Delivered by BEA
%TUXDIR%\samples\atmi\simpapp
Remote Call ‘Hello World’ program
Tuxedo
MIB
ubbsimple
simpcl.c
TOUPPER()
simpserv.c
TOUPPER service
TOUPPER service
client
Tuxedo process
server process
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

17. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Simple Client
UKOUG 2008
1. Connects to Bulletin Board
/* Attach to System/T as a Client Process */
if (tpinit((TPINIT *) NULL) == -1) {
(void) fprintf(stderr, "Tpinit failed\n");
exit(1); }
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

18. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Simple Client
UKOUG 2008
2. Allocates memory for messages
sendlen = strlen(argv[1]);
if((sendbuf = (char *) tpalloc("STRING", NULL, sendlen+1)) == NULL) {
(void) fprintf(stderr,"Error allocating send buffer\n");
tpterm();
exit(1); }
if((rcvbuf = (char *) tpalloc("STRING", NULL, sendlen+1)) == NULL) {
(void) fprintf(stderr,"Error allocating receive buffer\n");
tpfree(sendbuf);
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

19. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Simple Client
UKOUG 2008
3. Copy command line to message and send the message to the server
(void) strcpy(sendbuf, argv[1]);
ret = tpcall("TOUPPER", (char *)sendbuf, 0, (char **)&rcvbuf, &rcvlen, (long)0);
(void) fprintf(stdout, "Returned string is: %s\n", rcvbuf);
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

20. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Simple Client
UKOUG 2008
4. Release memory and disconnect
/* Free Buffers & Detach from System/T */
tpfree(sendbuf);
tpfree(rcvbuf);
tpterm();
return(0);
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

21. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Simple Server
UKOUG 2008
%TUXDIR%/include/atmi.h
/* interface to service routines */
struct tpsvcinfo {
#define XATMI_SERVICE_NAME_LENGTH 32
char name[XATMI_SERVICE_NAME_LENGTH]; /* service name invoked */
long flags; /* describes service attributes */
char *data; /* pointer to data */
long len; /* request data length */
int cd; /* connection descriptor */
long appkey; /* application authentication client key */
CLIENTID cltid; /* client identifier for originating client */ };
typedef struct tpsvcinfo TPSVCINFO;
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

22. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Simple Server
UKOUG 2008
Each service is a sub-routine.
TOUPPER(TPSVCINFO *rqst) {
int i;
for(i = 0; i < rqst->len-1; i++)
rqst->data[i] = toupper(rqst->data[i]);
/* Return the transformed buffer to the requestor. */
tpreturn(TPSUCCESS, 0, rqst->data, 0L, 0); } #
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

23. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Simple Domain
UKOUG 2008
The domain has one server that advertises one service.
*SERVERS
DEFAULT:
CLOPT="-A"
Simpserv SRVGRP=GROUP1 SRVID=1
*SERVICES
TOUPPER
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

24. Anatomy of the Application Server
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Anatomy of the Application Server
UKOUG 2008
PeopleSoft works in the same way as the simple server
Except
there are more servers and more services.
Runs on different nodes, so there is a listener process
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

25. Processes, Messages & Memory
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Processes, Messages & Memory
UKOUG 2008
Unix IPC memory structures
Bulletin Board
Shared Memory Segment
Queues
IPC Queues
Semaphores
To protect Bulletin Board, WSL and JSH
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

26. PeopleSoft 2-Tier Client
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
PeopleSoft 2-Tier Client
UKOUG 2008
Client Connects Directly to the Database
What happens in 3-Tier?
DATABASE
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

27. Application Server Structure
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Application Server Structure
UKOUG 2008
Bulletin Board Liaison process
Always first process to be started
Reads configuration file
It creates BB shared memory segment BB
PSTUXCFG
BBL
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

28. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Listener Processes
UKOUG 2008
Listens for incoming client requests 1 2 3
BBL BB
WSL
WSH
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

29. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
A Transaction
UKOUG 2008
C++ client
PSAPPSRV is the application server process written by PeopleSoft.
Physical
Cache Files
Windows
client 1 8 6 7
WSHQ 3 4
WSH
APPQ
PSAPPSRV 5 2
WSL BB
DATABASE
BBL
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

30. Transaction from Java Client
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Transaction from Java Client
UKOUG 2008
PeopleSoft Internet Architecture
JREPOSITORY 3 4
JREPQ
JREPSVR 2
PIA JVM 5 1 13 12
JSHQ 6 11 8
JSH
APPQ 9
PSAPPSRV 10 7
JSL
BBL BB
DATABASE
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

31. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
IPC Resources
UKOUG 2008
IPCS
Standard Unix Command
so not in the Tuxedo documentation
Reports on IPC resources
Queues
Memory Segments
Semaphores
BEA implementation on Windows
No concept of group and ownership so always zero
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

32. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
ipcs -a
UKOUG 2008
ipcs -a
IPCS status from BEA_segV8.1 as of Mon May 10 14:39:
T ID KEY MODE CBYTES QNUM QBYTES LSPID LRPID STIME RTIME CTIME
Message Queues:
q x rw-rw-rw no-entry no-entry 14:38:42
q x0000bbe2 -Rrw-rw-rw :39:00 14:39:00 12:10:42
q x Rrw-rw-rw no-entry no-entry 12:26:14
q x Rrw-rw-rw :12:51 13:12:51 12:26:14
q x Rrw-rw-rw :37:30 12:37:30 12:26:14
q x rw-rw-rw no-entry no-entry 12:28:11
q x rw-rw-rw :37:14 14:37:14 12:28:11
q x rw-rw-rw no-entry no-entry 12:28:46
q x rw-rw-rw no-entry no-entry 12:28:46
q x Rrw-rw-rw :37:26 12:37:26 12:30:13
q x rw-rw-rw :37:26 12:37:26 12:30:13
q x Rrw-rw-rw no-entry no-entry 12:30:59
q x Rrw-rw-rw :39:07 14:39:07 12:30:59
q x Rrw-rw-rw :39:07 14:39:07 12:30:59
q x Rrw-rw-rw :46:04 12:46:04 12:32:22
q x rw-rw-rw :39:08 14:39:07 12:33:04
q x rw-rw-rw :37:30 12:37:30 12:33:04
q x rw-rw-rw no-entry no-entry 12:37:26
q x rw-rw-rw :38:53 14:38:53 14:38:51
T ID KEY MODE NATTCH SEGSZ CPID LPID ATIME DTIME CTIME
Shared Memory:
m x0000bbe2 --rw-rw-rw :39:00 14:39:00 12:10:40
m x rw-rw-rw :26:14 no-entry 12:26:14
m x rw-rw-rw :30:59 no-entry 12:30:59
T ID KEY MODE NSEMS OTIME CTIME
Semaphores:
s x0000bbe2 --ra-ra-ra :39:07 12:10:40
s x ra-ra-ra :34:04 12:10:40
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

33. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG 2008
M52
CPID2796
1112 bytes 3 2
Q783
JREPOSITORY 4
JREPSVR
PID 1708
JSL
PID 260
Q524 5
JSH
PID 3648
Q525 1 12
JSH
PID 2616
Q526 6 13 11
Physical
Cache Files
PIA JVM 7 8 9
APPQ Q784
PSAPPSRV
PID 2904
M101
CPID 2196
504 bytes
PSAPPSRV
PID 1132
Q1297
Q532
WSL
PID 2196
Q515 10
MONITOR Q520
PSMONITORSRV
PID 3260
WSH
PID 3952
Q516
Q521
WSH
PID 3544
Q517
SAMQ Q522
PSSAMSRV
PID 2548
PSSAMSRV
PID 2620
Q523
Windows
client
Q3602
DATABASE BB
M50
Key BBE2
CPID 1716
bytes
WATCH Q518
PSWATCHSRV
PID 668
Q519
BBL
PID 1716
Q257
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

34. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
tmadmin and ipcs
UKOUG 2008
Tuxedo command line interface utility
Issue administrative commands
Monitor application server
Reads IPC status
printqueue
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

35. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
pq or printqueue
UKOUG 2008
> pq
Prog Name Queue Name # Serve Wk Queued # Queued Ave. Len Machine
PSSAMSRV.exe SAMQ GO-FASTER+
JSL.exe GO-FASTER+
WSL.exe GO-FASTER+
JREPSVR.exe GO-FASTER+
PSMONITORSRV.e MONITOR GO-FASTER+
PSAPPSRV.exe APPQ GO-FASTER+
BBL.exe GO-FASTER+
PSWATCHSRV.exe WATCH GO-FASTER+
ipcs -a
IPCS status from BEA_segV8.1 as of Mon May 10 14:39:
T ID KEY MODE CBYTES QNUM QBYTES LSPID LRPID STIME RTIME CTIME
Message Queues:
...
q x rw-rw-rw :39:08 14:39:07 12:33:04
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

36. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
PIA in BEA Weblogic
UKOUG 2008
Cookie
Weblogic Server
HTTP
browser
JVM
Servlet engine
Servlet container
Web server servlet
Client
thread
Client
Thread
PeopleSoft PIA servlet
Servlet
thread
Servlet
thread
Servlet
thread
Tuxedo
application
server
JSL
JSH
JSH
JSH
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

37. Connection Concentration
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Connection Concentration
UKOUG 2008
35000 users
1000 connections
1000 Java Threads
4 JVMs
100 JSHs
10-20 PSAPPSRVs
1 database
Fairly typical picture
35,000 users
1000 concurrent connections
1000 users active in the last n minutes
where n is the Java + JSH timeout
therefore need 1000 threads, maybe 4 JVMs
100 JSH
assumes 10 clients per JSH
10-20 PSAPPSRV processes
each PSAPPSRV connects to database
1 database
But, we didn’t use shared database server processes.
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

38. X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing
UKOUG 2008
In an XA environment
different resource managers
Tuxedo server processes
May connect to different resources (databases)
At the very least they are different sessions on the same database.
One distributed transaction
They are commit or rollback together.
Tuxedo can be used as a Transaction Manager (coordinator)
From Oracle Application Developers’ Guide - Fundamentals
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

39. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
Summary
UKOUG 2008
Tuxedo Architecture
Unix IPC based Queues, Shared Memory, Semaphores
Same on Windows
Sort of!
Function calls
Connection Concentration
Scalable middleware
Transaction Monitor
Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG2008 ©
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.

40. Introduction to BEA Tuxedo
UKOUG 2008
Questions
©Go-Faster Consultancy Ltd.