1. After the COLD WAR

2. The USSR Collapses 1989: Berlin Wall falls 1985: Mikhail GorbachevMikhail Gorbachev –last Soviet leader –Glasnost: “openness” –Perestroika: “restructuring” Arms control economic reforms pulled Soviet troops out of satellite countries –Led to revolutions in Eastern Europe

3. Revolutions in Eastern Europe 1989: Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia 1989: Hungary opened its border to Austria –Berlin Wall comes down 1990: Solidarity Movement in Poland –Lech Walesa 1991: attempted coup against Gorbachev –Fails –Rise of Boris Yeltsin

4. Hardliners failed Coup Boris Yeltsin –Russia leader –puts down coup –Commonwealth of Independent States –Cold War is OVER Shift from Communism to Capitalism –Private ownership –No more gov’t jobs / $

5. Ethnic Unrest boils Caucasus Mountains –Chechnya 1992: Conflict in Yugoslavia –multiple ethnic groups –Ethnic Cleansing –Bosnians > Muslim –Croatians > Catholic –Serbs > East Orthodox –Kosovo > Muslim –NATO to the rescue

6. Economic Changes and the EU Positives: –Rise of businesses / entrepreneurs –Skilled labor paid off Negatives: –Gov’t closings > unemployment –Eastern Europeans migrating to Western Europe 1992: European Union –one Economic & Political union one currency to compete w/t USA –Loss of sovereignty