1. Team PEDIBUS CALCANTIBUS : Edoardo Berardino, Giulio Berra, Andrea Buzzi, Carlo Pasquali, Ashley Rambo, Paolo Sartori, Guido Teghille

2. Every day in Turin, in addition to the normal local traffic, there are more than 420.000 vehicles which just cross the city, creating a lot of externality EXTERNALITY : Externalities may damage the welfare of a population caused by the unbalanced relation between costs and gains

3. Pollutant Turin yearly average (µg/m 3 ) Annual limit for uman healt (µg/m 3 ) Excideens days Ozone611205 Carbon monoxide 6.110/ Carbon dioxide 5112521 Benzene2.75/ Sulfur dioxide 9125/ PM104840158 PM2.5352587 Turin is one of the most polluted cities in Europe so we thought to consider the entire urban area as a target and not just a restricted zone.

4. Despite the limited number of taxis we took them as example beacause they consist in 1500 vehicles in constant movement. This concept should be extended to public services, like police, postmen, couriers, health services and more. These data are also useful to understand the limited presence of hybrid, electric or other ecological vehicles.

5. In Turin there are more than 200 public transport lines with an average of 6 vehicles each. Public transport will be converted into ecological transport too

6. promoting a ZTL in less crowded areas with incremental progression during years Time control system, for vehicles with old engines (diesel/petrol) according to a mechanism based on points in ZTL area, with a limitation of 1h/week, except for residents Discounts for people who do not spend their points each citizen starts with a default point amount but everyone can buy some after 2021 no free points are given any longer

7. engine conversion for taxi/bus to hybrid or electric government incentives for purchasing hybrid or electric cars promoting the use of public means of transport for both commuters and residents

8. The following datasheet, intended more as a rough index rather than a precise value, is based on an accurate study on data regarding the taxi daily average courses as well as the engine type and fuel consumption, considering its price increase. Ten years fuel cost (€) Ten years fuel consumption (l) Ten years CO 2 emissions (single unit) Ten years CO 2 emissions (total) Average vehicle cost (€) Petrol55.00024.00031,3 tons47.000 tons20.000 Hybrid 6.0002.6006,3 tons9.500 tons25.000 The data states clearly that the higher hybrid vehicle cost is fully recovered within the first year, excluding energy costs, and from the second one there is a gain of about 5000€

9. PROS CONS Environment improvments Economic gains Better viability Exsternality reduction Citizen displeasure Long term effect