1. COOPERATION AMONG REGIONAL SECTORS IN Sustainable Built Environment IN EUROPE
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

2. A Short Memo of the presentation
Picture of the situation of Europen Community Environment policy
Incomplete lists of Operating Tools (GPP, ISO, E.M.S, White books.)
Some examples…
European Environment Agency summarized on 21 Sept 04:
“..EU environmental policy has led to economic investments that have clearly benefited the health of people and ecosystems, but there are still important unresolved environmental issues in Europe, in particular climate change, loss of biodiversity, and air pollution in urban areas…”
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

3. A global, integrated, approach is essential
Statements
A sustainable built environment, which respects its natural framework, is an urgent necessity.
These involves respect for sites and for landscape, care in the choice of materials, awareness of energy considerations and construction techniques, and, above all, a reappraisal of the human dimension in building.
Urban space must be re-thought within the framework of town planning policies, with a full integration of architecture, the purpose of which being to shape and give meaning to that space.
A global, integrated, approach is essential
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

4. Steps towards European Union
Febraury 1992, Maastricht;
June 1997, Amsterdam
The treaty of the European Union defines sustainable development as a constitutional target of the EU. In particular the articles 2 and 6 of the EU treaty require the integration of Environmental, Economic and Social policies in order to promote sustainable development
European Istitutions
Parliament
European mediator
Council of European Union
European Committe
Court of Justice
Cash Account Court
Economics and social Committe
Region’s Committe
European Investment Bank BEI
Central European Bank BCE
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

5. 6th European Program
European main goals could be summarised into:
Economic and technologic competitiveness
Social, territorial and political cohesion
Environmental sustainability
In Article 6 of the Amsterdam Treaty, environmental protection is not understood as a sectorial policy, but rather a maxim involving all sectors. This does not render independent environmental ministries superfluous, but rather requires the creation of interfaces in other sectors. Regional sustainable development demands closing regional material cycles, the use of renewable energies and ways of sustainable regional and city planning under recognition of social and economic factors within the region
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

6. European Common Policy
Internal (between members)
Economy and commerce
Transport
Environmental protection
Social policy
Regional policy
Technologic Research and development
Culture and professional training
Internal policy of Security and justice
External (third countries)
Foreign politics
Relationships with Mediterranean and East Europe
Aid to countries under development
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

7. Policies aims to achieve
Policy actions are defined according to the main treaties between Member States, and more in particular, following the subsidiary principle
These goals have been quantified to a certain extend:
Economic Growth (3% per year the next decade) will certainly require more traffic and capacity expansions.
Sustainable Development (8% reduction on CO2 emissions according to Kyoto's agreement) will require less traffic and the use of environmentally friendly modes.
Territorial Cohesion (reduction of regional and national unbalanced development) will require more commercial relations, know-how transfers, and therefore traffic, between peripheral regions (Eastern European and Mediterranean countries) and between them and more developed regions.
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

8. The settings Agriculture Air pollution Biodiversity Chemicals
Climate Change and Energy
Enforcement
Enlargement
Environmental Action Programmes
Environmental Fiscal Reform
Environmental Liability
Future of Europe
General Governance
Integration
Mediterranean
Noise
OECD
Product Policy
Soil Protection
Standardisation
Strategic Environmental Assessment
Sustainable Development
Tourism
Transatlantic Environmental Dialogue
Transparency and Public Participation
Urban Environment
Waste
Water
…Currently, there are 32 activities of the European Union
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

9. Policy background and technician role
Many efforts on sustainable production / consumption concepts have typically been based on science / technology. These include: (CP/CT, Product Design, LCA, F4+, etc.)
Science / technology, in this sense includes technology transfer, dissemination, management issues, and so on. Typical tools have been: Demonstration projects, Newsletters/factsheets, Manuals, EMS, Awareness-raising / education, etc.
Socio-economic aspects All of these factors are important, but in the main are well established and are the focus of many researchers state agencies. Largely missing from the activities to date has been detailed and exhaustive investigations into the socio-economic issues which are central to widespread uptake of a more sustainable way of production/consumption.
European Commission is extremely interested in this subject.
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

10. The evolving policy approach
A Sustainable Development Strategy should restore the confidence of the citizens in trusting EU leaders to create the conditions for long-term prosperity, social fairness, and a clean and healthy environment
The 1997 Amsterdam Treaty included sustainable development in the objectives of the European Union
The “Lisbon process", which only included economic and social policies, should be complemented by environmental objectives and indicators, transforming it into a Sustainable Development Strategy
The Spring Summit in 2003 gave a bit more hope for the future. It paid much more attention to environmental issues than the previous one. It clearly presented environmental policies as an important factor for innovation and job creation. It gave a new impulse to the Cardiff process and asked it to be connected to "overall and sector-specific decoupling objectives".
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

11. The evolving policy approach
It was urged to “encourage the reform of subsidies that have considerable negative effects on the environment and that are incompatible with sustainable development”
This gives us a renewed basis to push for the abolition of “perverse subsidies”
Green public procurement is an integral part of a sustainable development policy, as agreed at the European Council in Göteborg and in the EU's 6th Environmental Action Programme
much is expected from public procurement to foster the entry of 'green' products into the market in the framework of the Integrated Product Policy
The main environmental merit is that ecolabels are now recognised as selection criteria.
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

12. Evolution of voluntary instruments
organizzazioni, sist. ISO 14001
ISO : services
BS ISO 14001: organizations
EMAS /93 sites
EMAS /2001
FSC
ISO/TR 14061
PEFC
AGENDA XXI Local AGENDA XXI
Rio de Janeiro
1992
Joannesburg
ISO 9001:2000
ISO 9001: ISO 9001:1994
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

13. Instruments and application
Housing
Green Public Procurement
Energy production/reduction
Environmental accounting
Voluntary agreements
ISO 14000
Environmental Management Audit Scheme.
Sustainable Forestal management
Life Cycle Analysis …
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

14. Green Public Procurement
Green public procurement can have large environmental benefits
eco-procurement - by local and central governments has long been recommended in documents such as Agenda 21 to be a key - although sometimes supplemental - ingredient in the achievement of more environmentally responsible economies
pioneer cities such as Hamburg, Malmö and Zurich, The most relevant product groups for eco-procurement such as construction, transport, energy, information technology, furniture and food
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

15. Green Public Procurement
It stands for public purhasers who take into account environmental elements when buying products, services, or works
Could have significant benefits for the environment
Green purchasing is also about setting the example and influencing the market place
Important incentives to industries to develop “green” technologies
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

16. Architects’ Council of Europe
The ACE White Paper 'Europe and Architecture Tomorrow' is part of a global and pro-active commentary on European Union policies which are likely to impact on the built surroundings of presents and future generations.
The European Commission White Paper 'growth, competitiveness, employment' deals with urban issues in chapter 10 devoted to the issue of sustainable development but is silent upon the role of architecture as part of the built environment. Current European economic tendencies are towards the liberal interpretation of the free market
Criteria of architectural and life cycle quality should govern decisions before any other consideration, particularly where public sector procurement is concerned.
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

17. Architects’ Council of Europe
As regards cultural issues, article 128 of the Maastricht treaty has facilitated the building of a common policy. Such policy is indeed limited to actions of stimulation and co-ordination.
The architectural profession is at the very heart of the crossover between the economic issues that relate to the construction sector on the one hand and socio-cultural problems on the other hand.
ACE seeks to encourage European Union policy makers to develop a comprehensive political agenda in relation to architecture and urban design, where the necessary development of society takes place within a philosophical framework
However the architectural profession is not in a position to provide on its own a complete response to these challlenges
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

18. Environmental Accounting and Reporting
The european greenlight programme
Energy performance of buildings
Building energy label
IPPC, Integrated Pollution Prevention and Controll
The EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) is a management tool for companies and other organisations to evaluate, report and improve their environmental performance. The scheme has been available for participation by companies since 1995 (Council Regulation (EEC) No 1836/93 of 29 June 1993) and was originally restricted to companies in industrial sectors.
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

19. Emas is open to all economic sector
To receive EMAS registration an organisation must comply with the following steps:
conduct an environmental review considering all environmental aspects of the organisation’s activities, products and services, methods to assess these, its legal and regulatory framework and existing environmental management practices and procedures.
in the light of the results of the review, establish an effective environmental management system aimed at achieving the organisation’s environmental policy defined by the top management. The management system needs to set responsibilities, objectives, means, operational procedures, training needs, monitoring and communication systems.
carry out an environmental audit assessing in particular the management system in place and conformity with the organisation’s policy and programme as well as compliance with relevant environmental regulatory requirements.
provide a statement of its environmental performance which lays down the results achieved against the environmental objectives and the future steps to be undertaken in order to continuously improve the organisation’s environmental performance.
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

20. Some experience in Italy
Comune di Andora
Comune di Aosta
Comune di Apricale
Comune di Camerino
Comune di Capri
Comune di Castelnuovo ne’Monti
Comune di Cavriago
Comune di Celle Ligure
Comune di Ceriale
Comune di Cesana Torinese
Comunità Montana Alta Val Polcevera
Comune di Falcade
Comune di Grosseto Comune di Jesolo
Comune di Laigueglia
Parco Naturale Adamello Brenta
Comune di Quattro Castella
Comune di Santa Caterina dello Ionio
Comune di Santa Margherita Ligure
Servizio Foreste Provincia di Trento
Comune di Toirano
Comune di Vado Ligure
Assessorato Ambiente Provincia di Viterbo
Ente Parco Mont Avic
Polo turistico di Bibione
Comune di San Michele al Tagliamento Comune di Varese Ligure
Provincia di Siena
EMAS
Ma poi quali sono le attività oggetto della registrazione? Quali sono i settori di intervento?
QUALITAMBIENTE Associazione territori certificati, rete di eccellenza come occasione di sviluppo locale
ISO 14001
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

21. The core: Plan, Do, Check, Act, Improve
Method of “Plan Do Check Act-Improve”
Plan DO
Check
Act
Improve
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

22. Prepare thematic groups
PREPARE (Preventive Environmental Protection Approaches in Europe) is an informal, independent European network of experts in the field of cleaner production and sustainable development
The focus of the activities is on environmental impact assessment of projects, plans, programmes, policies, and products, on an integrated landscape and environmental planning, and on environmental management systems (EMAS)
As regards cultural issues, article 128 of the Maastricht treaty has facilitated the building of a common policy. Such policy is indeed limited to actions of stimulation and co-ordination.
optimum use of policy and economic instruments (such as legislation, voluntary measures etc.)
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

23. The “Environmental mediation”
The Use of mediation-like processes initiate a debate within society and may increase the acceptance of strategies for a sustainable development.
The effort is to contribute to a better understanding of the symbolic aspects of ecological-economic change. Bringing together post-normal aspects of ecological economics (high stakes, uncertain scientific inputs, role peer communities, problem orientation), environmental accounting (such as material flow analysis) and discourse analysis and constructivist approaches offers a chance to explicitly take into account the complex relationship between science and policy.
Regional sustainable development demands closing regional material cycles, the use of renewable energies and ways of sustainable regional and city planning under recognition of social and economic factors within the region.
Regions have also the potential to directly influence their development and to show interesting examples in the implementation of sustainable development
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

24. Local Agenda 21, Agenda 2000
The European Commission has recently began to clarify the ways that public authorities in the EU can best integrate environmental considerations into their procurement procedures.
But the Commission’s Communication also coincides with Brussels’ latest findings on EU member states’ implementation of the Single Market rules.
In the areas of public procurement and transport, about one third of Single Market legislation is not yet implemented in all EU countries, and infringement of the rules is especially high where environmental standards are concerned.
How attainable is the goal of “green” public procurement EU-wide?
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

25. Local Agenda 21
Agenda 21 is a document that enumerates engagements in different fields (environment, economy, social) that a local community takes on for the 21th century
A21 is a route for the work:
its success and duration depends on level of participation and sharing of the local community, at all levels and in all forms;
It’s a process that can start immediately after with concrete actions, but can also take a long period to face off problems and levels of complexity and quality of life into a district, in order to give effective and shared results
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

26. Key factors in promoting the environmental technologies
A Directive in force by 2004 that implements a strict interpretation of environmental liability, while broadening its scope to cover all potentially hazardous activities.
The system should be based upon strict liability not offering any loopholes for all kinds of defences. It should strengthen victims' rights by the reversal of burden of proof and access for citizens to court.
In order to get environmental technologies from the research laboratories to the markets three priority actions are proposed:
develop and focus research, demonstration and dissemination programmes;
establish technology platforms for environmental technologies;
establish European networks for standardisation, testing and performance verification related to environmental technologies.
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

27. ? Lack of an intermediate
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

28. Summary and web resource
Environmental liability - the policy of holding polluters responsible for the damage that they do to the environment - is now in the spotlight. Following the disasters there is now a greater need than ever for a strict policy on environmental liability – one which incorporates the "Polluter Pays Principle" into EU law and turns precaution into a business objective.
We recognize that sustainable development, which balances economic development, social cohesion, and environmental protection, is fundamental
Links
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano

29. COOPERATION AMONG REGIONAL SECTORS IN Sustainable Built Environment IN EUROPE
Phd Riccardo Cecatiello -Politecnico di Milano