1. LINKS AMONG WATER AND ELEMENTS/DETERMINANTS OF FOOD SYSTEMS OF IGP-5 STUDY SITE Ahsan Uddin Ahmed Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP) GECAFS IGB Workshop, Khatmandu, 14 December, 2005

2. Kathmandu, 14 December 2005 Characteristics of eastern IGP Low productivity – food deficit Poor infrastructure and low use of capital inputs High risks of natural disasters: Flood vulnerability Labour out-migration (seasonal) IGP-5 falls in the Eastern IGP Water & FS Links

3. Kathmandu, 14 December 2005 Water affects lives and livelihoods of Bangladeshi people Water & FS Links

4. Kathmandu, 14 December 2005 Regional flow regime is extremely important Topography, land form and location

5. Kathmandu, 14 December 2005 AbundanceScarcity Water & FS Links

6. Kathmandu, 14 December 2005 High vulnerability to natural disasters Water & FS Links

7. Kathmandu, 14 December 2005Water & FS Links

8. Kathmandu, 14 December 2005 Crop production and Climate Variability Water & FS Links

9. Kathmandu, 14 December 2005Water & FS Links FOOD UTILIZATION Nutritional Value Food diversity Primary protein Other proteinWater sensitive Effect of food processing on food quality Disease incidence Water sensitive Social Value Social bonding/celebrations Role of food in kinship Esteem from agricultural production/farmer identity?

10. Kathmandu, 14 December 2005Water & FS Links FOOD UTILIZATION Food Supply Public awareness regarding hygiene Presence of pathogensWater sensitive Contamination Water sensitive Changes with seasonalityWater sensitive Storage condition Water sensitive

11. Kathmandu, 14 December 2005Water & FS Links FOOD ACCESS Affordability Household income Pricing Water sensitive Proportion of food purchased Seasonal fluctuations Water sensitive Policy Support Allocation Ability for allocation (own/selling)Influenced by WRD Control over own productionInfluenced by WRD Degree of market influence Market efficiencyStorage capacity WS Preference Preferred carbohydrateWat Mgmt sensitive Preferred proteinWat Mgmt sensitive Preparation preferencesWat Mgmt sensitive Role of Ad / consumption pattern

12. Kathmandu, 14 December 2005Water & FS Links FOOD AVAILABILITY Production Size of land holdings Tenancy arrangements Degree of self-sufficiency (for hh) W. sensitive Principal cropW sensitive in S. Site Importance of cash crops & livelihoods W sensitive in S. Site Spatial variation in productionW sensitive Potential for crop diversification W Mgmt sensitive Use of imported technologies Constrained Degree of seasonalityHigh seasonality Labour availability Other biophysical constraints

13. Kathmandu, 14 December 2005Water & FS Links FOOD AVAILABILITY Distribution InfrastructurePoor density Presence of storage facilitiesPoor density HH storageW. issue Age/gender difference Exchange Importance of exchange for hh food consumption External VS internal trade pattern Role of remittance? Chief exports Chief imports

14. Thank you