1. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: Samsung DM R&D Center Proposal Date Submitted: XX December, 2004 Source: Namhyong Kim et al., Samsung Electronics Digital Media R&D Center Address 416 Maetan 3 Dong, Yeongtong Gu, Suwon City, Gyongi Do, Korea, 443-742 Voice: 82 31 200 8783, FAX: 82 31 200 3350, E-Mail: namhyong.kim@samsung.com Re: [Response to Call for Proposals] Abstract: Purpose: [Proposing a PHY-layer interface for standardization by 802.15.4a] Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 2 Samsung DM R&D Center Proposal Multiple Access and Range Methodology for Chaos DCSK System Namhyong Kim, Inhwan Kim Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. DM R&D Center

3. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 3 Contents Overview Chaotic System Simulator –Chaotic Sources –DCSK ( Differential Chaotic Shift Keying ) Issues result from Chaos Signal Range Estimation based on Chaos Signal Conclusion

4. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 4 Overview Chaotic Communication Simulator –System Parameters –Chaotic Source –Modulation Issues –Simultaneously Operating Piconets Range Estimation –High precision Distance Measurement by TOA

5. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 5 Contents Overview Chaotic System Simulator –Chaotic Sources –DCSK ( Differential Chaotic Shift Keying ) Issues result from Chaos Signal Range Estimation based on Chaos Signal Conclusion

6. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 6 Simulation Parameters Frequency Band –Bandwidth : 2 GHz –Center Frequency : 4 GHz Bit Frame –1 bit time frame : 200 ns (5 MHz) –Duty Cycle : 50 % (100 ns) Sampling –Simulation Sampling Frequency: 40 GHz

7. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 7 Chaotic Sources Pseudo-random Sequence Ordinary Differential Equation

8. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 8 Pseudo-Random Sequence Pseudo-Chaos Signal Generator –Pseudo-random Sequence filtered by Chebyshev Type I Pseudo-random numbers ranging between -1.0 to +1.0 Chebyshev Specification –Passband : 0.15 < f < 0.25 –Stopband : f < 0.14 or 0.28 < f –Ws Attenuation : 15 dB –Wp Ripple : 1 dB

9. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 9 Chaotic Signal Characterictic(1) Regulated Spectrum by Filtering However, at most, Quasi-Chaos Source

10. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 10 2 nd Order Differential Equation with 4.5 Freedom Tx 1 ′ + x 1 = mF(x 5 ) x 2 ′′ + α 2 x 2 ′ + ω 2 2 x 2 = ω 2 2 x 1 x 3 ′′ + α 3 x 3 ′ + ω 3 2 x 3 = α 3 x 2 ′ x 4 ′′ + α 4 x 4 ′ + ω 4 2 x 4 = α 4 x 3 ′ x 5 ′′ + α 5 x 5 ′ + ω 5 2 x 5 = α 5 x 4 ′ where, F(x) = ｜ x+e 1 ｜ - ｜ x-e 1 ｜ +0.5( ｜ x-e 2 ｜ - ｜ x+e 2 ｜ ) m= 110,  2 = 0.3,  3 = 0.7,  4 = 0.7,  5 = 0.6,  2 = 1,  3 = 0.86,  4 = 0.73,  5 = 0.6, T= 1.25, e 1 = 0.5, e 2 = 1 Runge-Kutta Method x 1 ′= (mF(x 5 ) - X 1 )/T x 2 ′= ω 2 2 (X 1 - X 3 ) x 3 ′= X 2 - α 2 X 3 x 4 ′= α 2 x 3 ′ - ω 2 2 X 5 x 5 ′= X 4 - α 2 X 5 x 2 ′′= α 2 x 5 ′- ω 3 2 X 7 x 3 ′′= X 6 - α 2 X 7 x 4 ′′= α 4 x 3 ′′-ω 3 2 X 9 x 5 ′′= X 8 - α 4 X 9

11. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 11 Chaotic Signal Characterictic(2) Chaotic Signal directly generated from ODE45 Direct UWB signal made from simple TR & RLC circuitry analyzable by 2 nd order differential equation

12. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 12 Modulation Differential Chaotic Shift Keying

13. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 13 DCSK System Schematics Delay T/2 Threshold decision Integrator Direct Chaos Generator Delay T/2 RX TX Diplexer

14. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 14 Differential Operation Template Bit Info Bit Original Frame Half bit duration Delayed Frame Multiplication Half bit duration Integration 1010

15. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 15 Time Slot Jittered No Jitter 200 ps Jitter 300 ps Jitter

16. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 16 DCSK Performance (32 Octet) BERPER (200 Frames)

17. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 17 Contents Overview Chaotic System Simulator –Chaotic Sources –DCSK ( Differential Chaotic Shift Keying ) Issues result from Chaos Signal Range Estimation based on Chaos Signal Conclusion

18. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 18 Strong Features Flat spectrum generated by unpredictable genuine random sequence Nearly infinite resourceful orthogonal code sets Immunity against multi-path fading Low complexity and cost circuitry from direct generation of UWB signal Good signal spectrum nature from Bandwidth/Bit rate > 1

19. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 19 Weak Features Nearly impossibility of the Same Signal Regeneration –Impossible to brew the same signal template in the receiver side –Hard to resolve Multiple Access/Simultaneous Operating Piconet and High resolution Range Problem High Sampling Problem from UWB (> 2 GHz) –Difficult to apply accurate estimation method –Location Awareness/Range Problem

20. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 20 SOP options for Chaos System Code Division –High Sampling Clock –High Cost and Overhead Frequency Division –Range Resolution Degradation –Almost only solution for 3 ~ 4 piconets in 3 ~ 5 GHz band Time Division –No fit in SOP Physical Selection Criterion due to Uncoordinated Piconets –Possible solution under Assumption of Global time synchronization & low duty cycle

21. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 21 Time Division SOP

22. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 22 System Block Data Bit Frame Generator Chaos Signal Generator Data 01101101 Data -111-111-11 Template Chaos Receiver Data 01101101

23. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 23 Piconet1 Piconet2 Template Bit Bit Frame Transmission T1D1nD11T2D2nD21T1D1nD11T2D2nD21 D11D2nD21D1nT1T2 Frame1 Frame2

24. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 24 Receiver Details Template Data 1 1 0 ………. 0 1 bit Duration ∫ Integrator Z Z Z Z

25. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 25 Signal Processing User1 1100111110 User2 1101110110 User3 0100111010 Multi_path Channel

26. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 26 Contents Overview Chaotic System Simulator –Chaotic Sources –DCSK ( Differential Chaotic Shift Keying ) Issues result from Chaos Signal Range Estimation based on Chaos Signal Conclusion

27. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 27 Range Block Diagram Envelop Detection & Signal Point Detection Z -1 Serial-to-Parallel Delay Circuit

28. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 28 Coordinator Device Source Time Counter + Target Time Counter Source Time Counter + Target Time Counter 1.Offset by Comparison between (Source Time Counter - Target Time Counter) & (Source Time Counter - Source2 Time Counter) 2.Distance from (Source Time Counter - Source2 Time Counter) - Offset + Offset 0 Adjusting Time Counter By Offset Confirm Counter Justification Completion

29. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 29 Time Counter Adjust Example Initial : 356 358 Device (-2 Offset)Coordinator 1 st Pass : 364  356+8 374  358+16 1. PNC recalculates Device Arrival time : 366  358 + (16/2) 2. Compare value from 1 and Device : -2  364 – 366 3. +2 Transferred as –Offset 4. 8 Kept for Distance between PNC and Device

30. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 30 Location Awareness Special Mode 1.Timing Counter Fine Synchronization 1.PNC disseminates special frame to inform Device of Location special mode 2.Device acknowledges with its own timing count 3.PNC compares its own count with Device’s count, and extract an offset between them 4.PNC sends negative offset in order for Device to compensate its timer 5.Device informs PNC of all being set

31. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 31 ∇ X ∇ Y Template Frame Data Frame Data Template Envelop Detection Delay Circuit by 1~3 ns

32. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 32 Fine Precision TOA Estimation Suggest Special mode different from Normal mode, which needs faster clock In special mode, Estimate how far Signal detached from fixed time slot with finer clock This obtained value returned with Response command to Request command from MAC

33. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 33 Delay Circuit

34. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 34 Simulation (BNR 16dB) real distance : 0.968 meter 2.5 ns precision distance : 0.750 meter Error : -0.218 meter real distance : 13.118 meter 2.5 ns precision distance : 12.750 meter Error : -0.367 meter Maximum Index of Moving Average by duty cycle Duration will be converted to distance.

35. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 35 Conclusion Chaotic Communication System Simulator –Source Generation –DCSK modulation Chaos System Issues –Chaos Signal Features –SOP solutions Ranging –Fine distance estimation by using Chaos Signal

36. doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0042-00-004a Submission January 2005 Namhyong et al., Proposal Slide 36 References Kolumbán, G., Kennedy, M.P., Jákó, Z. and Kis, G., "Chaotic Communications with Correlator Receivers: Theory and Performance Limits," Special Issue of The IEEE Proceedings on chaotic communications, 2002. Kolumbán, G. and Kennedy, M.P., "Correlator-Based Chaotic Communications: Attainable Noise and Multipath Performance," in "Chaos in Circuits and Systems," (G. Chen editor), Birkhauser, Boston, 2002. Dmitriev A.S., Efremova E.V, and Maksimov N.A. “Controlling the spectrum envelope in single-transistor generator of chaotic oscillations”, Radiotekhnika i elektronika, 2004, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 222-227 (in Russian). Dmitriev A.S., Kyarginsky B.Ye., Panas A.I., and Starkov S.O., "Experiments on ultra wideband direct chaotic information transmission in microwave band", Int. J. Bifurcation & Chaos, 2003, vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 1495-1507.