1. An Authentic Disaster Management Simulation Experience using SMS Text Messaging Alastair Gemmell Sarah Cornelius Phil Marston

2. Objectives of the Exercise Facilitate understanding of events To give experience of hazard management and decision-making

3. Transition from theory to practice Sudden responsibility Student disorientation, fear, uncertainty

4. Laval (based on Vaison la Romaine) School Power Station Hospital Campsite

5. Can you save Laval from flood disaster? Heavy rains forecast Simulation Scenario

6. Creating the Simulation

7. Before Simulation Starts Running Students register online

8. Tools for Managers Background information pack Mobile phone + email (familiar) Information flow to aid decision- making

9. Delivering the Simulation SMS messages Emails Students can request further information

10. Simulation is running Two types of message: –Decisions –Situation reports Respond to ‘decision prompt’ within 2 hours

11. Email requesting a Decision Reply to text with number for the choice Decisions made cannot be reversed

12. Form of Assessment Written report Diary form Events Explanation of decisions

13. Example of Report

14. Student Experience Enjoyed the real time aspect of the simulation (4.13) Found it easy to respond (3.87) Respondents looked forward to messages arriving (3.67) Found using their own mobile phone convenient (3.67) Scores on 5-point Likert Scale

15. Further Experience Worked as individuals but gathered to compare notes Students valued the innovative approach, especially to assessment – ‘it was not another boring essay’

16. Conclusions Simulation achieved objectives Structure easily adapted In present form gives experience rather than precise training SMS limits amount of information used Lack of highly detailed information a positive aspect – more scope for thought and originality Student reaction highly positive