1. Chapter 6 – New Industrial Age
US History
Chapter 6 – New Industrial Age

2. Turn to a Clean Sheet of Paper & Set It up Like This:
Chapter # & Title
Section # & Title
Topics
& Terms
Notes

3. Section 1 – Expansion of Industry

4. Topic 1. Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
Black Gold
1859 Edwin Drake – Steam Engine to drill for Oil
Used to make Kerosene then Gasoline for Cars
Bessemer Steel Process
Large Supplies of Coal & Iron in the US
Bessemer Process Allowed Steel to be produced Quickly & Efficiently
New Uses for Steel
Railroads, Barbed Wire, Farm Equipment, Bridges, Skyscrapers

5. Topic 2. Inventions Promote Change
Power of Electricity
1876 Thomas Edison opens laboratory at Menlo Park
1890 Electricity was running Factories
Allowed Factories to be more mobile
Inventions Change Lifestyles
1867 Christopher Sholes – Typewriter
1876 Alexander G. Bell – Telephone

6. Section 1 Summary:
Write your own summary of what is important to remember about section 1. This summary should only be 3-4 sentences.

7. Section 2 – Age of the Railroads

8. Topic 1. Railroads Span Time & Space
National Network
May 10, 1869 Transcontinental Railroad
Promontory, Utah Central Pacific & Union Pacific met
By K miles of track spanning the US
Romance & Reality
Railroads met a new start for people
Union Pacific – Irish workers
Central Pacific – Chinese workers
Railroad Time
1883 US began using Time Zones
Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific

9. Topic 2. Opportunities & Opportunists
New Towns & Markets
Railroads allowed Towns to Specialize and Grow
Pullman
George Pullman created the “Company Town” Model
Credit Mobilier
1864 railroad construction scandal
Union Pacific pocketed $23 million in Stocks
Major Political officials were involved (VP-Colfax & future President Garfield)

10. Topic 3. The Grange & The Railroads
Railroad Abuses
Misuse of Government Land Grants, Controlled Prices, Price Discrimination
Granger Laws
1877 Munn v. Illinois Supreme Court Supported Regulations on Railroad Companies
Interstate Commerce Act
1887 Interstate Commerce Act establishes Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
ICC tries to control railroad prices
Panic & Consolidation
By Banks & 15K Business had Failed
Large Financial Companies took over business

11. Section 2 Summary:
Write your own summary of what is important to remember about section 2. This summary should only be 3-4 sentences.

12. Section 3 – Big Business & Labor

13. Topic 1. Carnegie’s Innovations
New Business Strategies
Efficiency in Production (New Machinery & Technology) to produce Cheaply
Hire Talented People
Vertical Integration – Buying out the Resources & Distribution components
Horizontal Integration – Buying out the Competition

14. Topic 2. Social Darwinism & Business
Principles of Social Darwinism
Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species talks about “Natural Selection”
Business & Markets should not be Regulated by Government
The Best will Survive
New Definition of Success
Hard work will be rewarded with success
The Poor are lazy or inferior

15. Topic 3. Fewer Control More
Growth & Consolidation
Mergers – One Company Buying the Stock of another Company to Control it
Trusts – Different Companies Giving Stock Control over to a group of Trustees to Control the Industry
Rockefeller & the “Robber Barons”
Rockefeller used Economic tactics (Economies of Scale) to force competitors out of business
Tycoons like Rockefeller & Carnegie donated hundreds of millions back to the community
Sherman Antitrust Act
1890 Sherman Antitrust Act made it illegal to form trust companies
Didn’t work very well
Business Boom Bypasses the South
Industrialization passed the South by

16. Topic 4. Labor Unions Emerge
Long Hours & Danger
12 or more hours per day (6 or 7 days a week)
Dirty, Dangerous, & Deadly
Men, Women, & Children Worked for Low Pay
Early Labor Organizing
NLU – National Labor Union, 1866
CNLU – Colored National Labor Union
Knight of Labor, 1869
Arbitration & Strikes the tools of Unions

17. Topic 5. Union Movements Diverge
Craft Unionism
AFL – American Federation of Labor 1886
Samuel Gompers
Union of Skilled Workers
Used Strikes & Collective Bargaining to gain higher wages and better working conditions
Industrial Unionism
ARU – American Railway Union 1894
Eugene Debs
Union of Unskilled, Semiskilled, & Skilled Workers

18. Topic 5. Union Movements Diverge cont.
Socialism & the IWW
Socialism – Economic & Political System based on Government Control of the economy
IWW – Industrial Worker of the World “Wobblies”
1905 by William “Big Bill” Haywood
Other Labor Activism in the West
Labor Unions formed for Farmworkers & Miners

19. Topic 6. Strikes Turn Violent
Great Strike of 1877
Railroad workers went on Strike & Shut down 50K miles of track for a week
President Hays sent federal troops to end the strike
Haymarket Affair
Union members gathered to protest police brutality
As they left a riot broke out Several workers were killed
Homestead Strike
Steel works went on Strike
Pinkerton Detectives were hired to control strikers
Scabs – replacement workers

20. Topic 6. Strikes Turn Violent cont.
Pullman Company Strike
1893 Pullman laid off 3,000 employees & reduce worker pay
Strikes turned violent & Strikers were fired
Women Organize
UMW – United Mine Workers of America 1877
“Equal pay for Equal work”
Mary H Jones – Led children workers on a march to Theodore Roosevelt’s house
ILGWU – International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union 1909
1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire 146 women were trapped
Management & Government Pressure Unions
“Yellow-Dog Contracts” – Would not join a Union
Used the Sherman Antitrust Act to stop Unions

21. Section 3 Summary:
Write your own summary of what is important to remember about section 3. This summary should only be 3-4 sentences.