1. Mrs. Cavell

2. Native American Discrimination Examples: 1. Forced to move to reservations 2. Us government did not hold up their end of most treaties (did not supply necessary supplies, food, etc on reservations) 3. Dawes Act: An act that required Native American Tribes to live on reservations that were divided into single family plots of land 4. Assimilation: Force Native Americans (especially children) to look, act and practice same religious teachings as mainstream Christians

3. Populism: A political party that is created by the people. It was founded in 1892 by citizens (namely farmers and factory workers) that demanded the government be more responsive to their needs. 1. A graduated income tax (tax the wealthy more) 2. Single term for President and Vice President 3. Secret ballot 4. Eight hour work day

4. Industrialization: 1. Expanding urban population (people moving away from rural areas into cities) 2. Demand for workers (including women and children) 3. A need for markets to sell overabundance of new manufactured goods Techniques used by business owners: 1. Horizontal Consolidation: Buy out competitors 2. Vertical Integration: Buy out suppliers

5. Labor Unions: Examples: American Federation of Labor (AFL): craft and trade union and International Workers of the World: welcomed all workers including woman and African Americans Why were they necessary? 1. Long hours 2. Unsafe Conditions 3. Low Pay 4. No Compensation

6. 1.They were forced to live on reservations 2.They had well negotiated treaties with US government 3.They were openly attacked 4.They were forced to assimilate

7. 1.It was a movement organized by the wealthy 2.It was opposed to any reforms in the workplace 3.It wanted a single term for Pres and VP 4.It excluded farmers and workers

8. Urbanization: Growth of cities Urban Problems: 1. Too little and too cramped housing 2. Unsafe drinking water 3. No sanitary sewers or trash removal 4. Fire and crime Americanization: A movement that focused on introducing immigrants to American culture by way of teaching them English, American History, and even social etiquette and customs

9. Immigration Reasons: 1. To escape religious persecution 2. To obtain greater freedom 3. Take advantage of economic opportunities 4. To escape too little housing and famine

10. African American Discrimination Examples: 1. Voting restrictions: Pay a Poll Tax in order to vote, pass a literacy test (often extremely difficult or in another language) or openly threaten or intimidate those who dared to vote. 2. Jim Crow Laws: State and local laws in the South that separated people on the basis of race (segregation) in public and private facilities. (Separate bathrooms, schools, entrances into buildings) 3. Plessy v. Ferguson: In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal and did not violate the 14 th amendment as long as the facilities were equal. (Separate but equal became law of the land)

11. Mandatory or Compulsory Education: 1. This was a movement reform minded individuals felt was necessary so that children could grow up to be productive citizens (hold a job and participate in civic affairs) By 1900 more than 3 quarters of American children aged 8-14 were attending school at least part of the year There was also an increase in number of students attending high schools which began offering courses in science, civics, home economics, history, and literature

12. 1.Children were not effective factory workers 2.Schools provided day care for working parents 3.Schools would help children to become successful citizens 4.None of the above 10

13. 1.Separate but Equal 2.14 th amendment does not apply to African Americans 3.African Americans are banned from all public facilities 4.African Americans can only vote for white candidates 10

14. Progressive Movement Goals: (Make the government more responsive to the people) 1. Protect Social Welfare (YMCA and Salvation Army) 2. Promote moral improvement (Prohibition: Carry Nation 3. Create economic reform (Socialism and Muckrakers) 4. Foster efficiency (Make work tasks simple and productive: assembly line) Muckrakers: Journalists who exposed corruption in business practices and exposed abuses faced by workers.

15. Leisure Time: As American workers began to experience more power in the workplace (shorter hours and better pay) they spent money on leisure activities such as going to baseball games, shopping, and going to amusement parks. Reforms in Government: Initiative: A bill originated by the people Referendum: A vote on the initiative Recall: Enabled voters to remove a public official by forcing them to run another election before the end of their term 17 th Amendment: Direct election of senators (make senators more accountable to the public)

16. Imperialism: The policy in which a stronger nations extend their control over weaker nations US Imperialism: 1. Secure Naval Bases and military strength 2. A desire for new markets to sell manufactured goods 3. A belief in Anglo-Saxon superiority Examples: Annex Hawaii Buy Alaska Spanish-American War (acquire Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and maintain tight control over Cuba)

17. Reasons for NOT agreeing with Imperialism: 1. A threat to Anglo-Saxon heritage (potential contamination from different ethnicities) 2. Morally it was wrong to take advantage of weaker nations 3. The cost of a vast empire was too expensive Teddy Roosevelt: Roosevelt Corollary: The United States would intervene on the behalf of any Latin American country if US economic interests were threatened. This meant if any country interfered with US interests in Latin America we would use our military to remove them. (Speak softly and carry a big stick)

18. 1.Referendum 2.17 th amendment 3.Recall 4.Initiative 10

19. 1.Always use peaceful negotiations 2.Using the military is never an option 3.The military can be used to in situations that threaten economic interests 4.None of the above 10

20. Steps to US entering WWI: 1. Unrestricted submarine warfare 2. Sinking of the passenger ship Lusitania (Americans were aboard) 3. Zimmermann Note: Germany would assist Mexico in an attempt to recover lost territory 4. Ultimately the US could identify with the cause of the Allies and felt that Germany was the “bully of Europe” 5. World must be made safe for democracy

21. Espionage and Sedition Act: Fines and jail time if a person was caught interfering with the draft, obstructing sale of govt. bonds, or saying anything disloyal about the govt. or war effort Anti-Immigrant Attacks: People of German descent were mostly targeted and lost their jobs, were openly attacked or threatened, even removing books by German authors from library shelves. (Hamburger=Liberty Sandwich) Great Migration: The migration of African-Americans from Southern to Northern states to escape persecution and to take advantage of job opportunities 19 th Amendment: Women are granted right to vote (what helped was their assistance in the war effort)

22. 14 Points 1. Freedom of seas 2. Self-determination 3. Global reduction in military 4. No secret treaties 5. League of Nations *Vision for lasting peace Treaty of Versailles 1. Germany reduces military 2. Germany pays war reparations 3. War-Guilt Clause: Germany is totally responsible for the war 4. No self-determination 5. League of Nations *Sets up WWII

23. NAACP: Created in 1914, this organization was aimed at establishing full equality between races. The leader of the group was WEB DuBois and he felt full equality was the only acceptable answer to racial tension. The Role of the Automobile: 1. Paved roads 2. New house styles (with garages) 3. Liberated isolated rural families (go to town for shopping and entertainment) 4. Vacations 5. Urban Sprawl: People could work in the city but live in the country

24. Women’s roles in 1920’s: 1. Women began to embrace new fashion trends (Shorter everything: Hair, dresses, etc.) (Flappers) 2. Casual dating, smoking, drinking 3. New jobs: Teaching, nursing, clerical work (Some even found work as doctors, lawyers, and bankers) 4. Family planning: Birth Control 5. Marriage based more on romance than necessity

25. Scopes Trial: In 1925, Tennessee was the first state to make teaching evolution illegal. A job biology teacher (John Scopes) did so anyway and was brought to court. Ultimately, Scopes was forced to pay a $100 fine, but this trial began to challenge traditional, conservative biblical teachings. Prohibition: In 1920, the 18 th Amendment put Prohibition into effect. (No alcohol) It was nearly impossible to truly enforce and many underground bars existed. This also gave rise to organized crime and ultimately it was repealed by the 21 st amendment in 1933.

26. Harlem Renaissance: A literary and artistic movement that celebrated African-American culture. Jazz performers like Louis Armstrong became popular among African-Americans and whites. This movement began to break down racial barriers and the seeds of civil rights began to blossom.