1. 12-1 Adjective clauses: introduction
CONTENTS
Adjective clauses: introduction
Using who and whom in adjective ...
Using who, who(m), and that in adjective ...
Using which and that in adjective clauses
Singular and plural verbs in adjective …
Using prepositions in adjective clauses
Using whose in adjective clauses

2. I have a terrific friend
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
I have a terrific friend
who is very kind.

3. (a) I have a terrific friend.
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
adjective + noun
11-10 CPITALIZATION
(a) I have a terrific friend.
adjective + noun
(b) I have a thoughtful friend.
adjective modifies noun

4. (a) I have a terrific friend.
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
adjective + noun
11-10 CPITALIZATION
(a) I have a terrific friend.
adjective + noun
(b) I have a thoughtful friend.
adjective noun
(usually)

5. noun + adjective clause (c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
noun adjective clause
11-10 CPITALIZATION
(c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.
noun + adjective clause
11-10 CPITALIZATION
(d) I have a friend who is a doctor.
noun adjective clause
11-10 CPITALIZATION
(e) I have a friend who lives next door.
adjective clause modifies noun

6. noun + adjective clause (c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.
12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
noun adjective clause
11-10 CPITALIZATION
(c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.
noun + adjective clause
11-10 CPITALIZATION
(d) I have a friend who is a doctor.
noun adjective clause
11-10 CPITALIZATION
(e) I have a friend who lives next door.
noun adjective clause

7. The boy who has the phone
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
The boy who has the phone
is adorable.

8. who he (a) The child is adorable. He has the phone.
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) The child is adorable.
He has the phone.
(b) The child is adorable.
who has the phone he
is a subject pronoun
who
is a subject pronoun
who he
adjective clause

9. (a) The child is adorable.
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) The child is adorable.
(b) The child is adorable.
who has the phone
INCORRECT: The child is adorable
who has the phone.
noun adjective clause

10. whom him (c) The child was funny. I saw him. (d) The child was funny.
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(c) The child was funny.
I saw him.
(d) The child was funny.
whom I saw
him
is an object pronoun
whom
is an object pronoun
whom
him
adjective clause

11. noun + adjective clause
12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(c) The child was funny.
(d) The child was funny.
who has the phone
noun adjective clause
INCORRECT: The child was funny who has the phone.

12. two sentences one sentence
12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE
who
two sentences one sentence
Jonah is in my English class.
He is an excellent student.
Jonah
who is an excellent student
is in my English class.

13. two sentences one sentence
12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE
who
two sentences one sentence
Mary is an artist.
She is very talented.
Mary
who is very talented
is an artist.

14. two sentences one sentence
12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE Ø
two sentences one sentence
We see the vendors.
They are working in the floating market.
The vendors
whom we see are
working in the floating market.

15. The girl that has the phone
12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
The girl that has the phone
is friendly.

16. (a) The girl is friendly.
12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) The girl is friendly.
(b) The girl is friendly.
who has the phone
same
meaning
(c) The girl that has the phone is friendly.
INCORRECT: The girl has the phone is friendly.

17. that He (a) The child is adorable. He has the phone.
12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) The child is adorable.
He has the phone.
(c) The child is adorable.
that has the phone He
is a subject pronoun
that
can be the subject
that He
adjective clause

18. object pronoun can be omitted
12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES S O
(d) The child was funny. I knew her.
who(m)
that
(e) The child was funny.
who(m) I knew
(f) The child that I knew was funny.
(g) The child Ø I knew was funny.
object pronoun can be omitted
from adjective clause

19. ? The people who(m) I met last night were really funny. CORRECT OR
12-3 LET’S PRACTICE ?
CORRECT OR
INCORRECT
The people who(m) I met last night
were really funny.

20. ? The woman is reading is my sister. CORRECT OR INCORRECT
12-3 LET’S PRACTICE ?
CORRECT OR
INCORRECT
The woman is reading is my sister.
Animation is off.

21. ? The woman that is reading is my sister. CORRECT OR INCORRECT
12-3 LET’S PRACTICE ?
CORRECT OR
INCORRECT
The woman that is reading is my sister.
Animation is off

22. The computer that I just bought is really fast.
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
The computer that I just bought is really fast.

23. (a) My computer is really fast. It is new. s v
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
s v
(a) My computer is really fast. It is new.
s v
(b) My computer which is new is really fast.
s v
(c) My computer that is new is really fast.
which things
that people / things
who, whom people

24. which It (a) My computer is really fast. It is new.
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) My computer is really fast. It is new.
(b) My computer which is new is really fast.
(c) My computer that is new is really fast.
which It
adjective clause

25. It that (a) My computer is really fast. It is new.
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) My computer is really fast. It is new.
(b) My computer which is new is really fast.
(c) My computer that is new is really fast.
that It
adjective clause

26. (a) That computer is really fast. It is new.
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) That computer is really fast. It is new.
(b) That computer which is new is really fast.
(c) That computer that is new is really fast.
INCORRECT: That computer is new is really fast.

27. (d) The old car needs work. I drive it. o s v
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
s v o
(d) The old car needs work. I drive it.
o s v
(e) The old car which I drive needs work.
o s v
(f) The old car that I drive needs work.
s v
(g) The old car Ø I drive needs work.
which, that object in adjective clause

28. (d) The old car needs work. I drive it.
12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(d) The old car needs work. I drive it.
(e) The old car which I drive needs work.
same meaning
(f) The old car that I drive needs work.
same meaning
(g) The old car Ø I drive needs work.

29. two sentences one sentence
12-4 LET’S PRACTICE
which
two sentences one sentence
We played a game. The game was fun.
The game
which we played
was fun.

30. two sentences one sentence
12-4 LET’S PRACTICE Ø
two sentences one sentence
We played a game. The game was fun.
The game
we played
was fun.

31. two sentences one sentence
12-4 LET’S PRACTICE
that
two sentences one sentence
Where is the supermarket?
It sells great produce.
Where is
the supermarket
that sells great produce?

32. I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener.
12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener.

33. (a) I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener.
12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener.
singular noun singular verb

34. (b) I have friends who are wonderful gardeners.
12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(b) I have friends who are wonderful gardeners.
plural noun plural verb

35. People who travel to other countries ___ required to have a passport.
12-5 LET’S PRACTICE is
are
People who travel to other countries ___ required to have a passport.
are

36. A set of twins that ___ not identical ___ called fraternal. is is
12-5 LET’S PRACTICE is
are
A set of twins that ___ not identical
___ called fraternal. is is

37. There are many people in Europe who ______ more than one language.
12-5 LET’S PRACTICE
speak
speaks
There are many people in Europe who ______ more than one language.
speak

38. The new student I talked to was thrilled to be here.
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
The new student I talked to was thrilled to be here.

39. (a) The teacher is friendly. I talked to her.
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
PREP Obj.
(a) The teacher is friendly. I talked to her.
Obj.
PREP
(b) The teacher whom I talked to is friendly.
(c) The teacher that I talked to is friendly.
(d) The teacher Ø I talked to is friendly.

40. (e) The teacher to whom I talked is friendly.
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
FORMAL ENGLISH
MUST have pronoun
PREP Obj.
(e) The teacher to whom I talked is friendly.
preposition + whom + adjective clause
which

41. (f) The paper is long. I am working on it.
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
PREP Obj.
(f) The paper is long. I am working on it.
Obj.
PREP
(g) The paper which I am working on is long.
(h) The paper that I am working on is long.
(i) The paper Ø I am working on is long.

42. (j) The paper on which I am working is long.
12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
FORMAL ENGLISH
MUST have pronoun
PREP Obj.
(j) The paper on which I am working is long.
preposition + whom + adjective clause
which

43. two sentences one sentence
12-6 LET’S PRACTICE
which
two sentences one sentence
We went to a game. It was boring.
The game
which we
went to was boring.

44. two sentences one sentence
12-6 LET’S PRACTICE Ø
two sentences one sentence
We went to a game. It was boring.
The game
Ø we
went to was boring.

45. that We visited a Rodin museum yesterday. It was beautiful.
12-6 LET’S PRACTICE
We visited a Rodin museum
yesterday. It was beautiful.
that
The Rodin museum
that we visited
yesterday was beautiful.

46. The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.

47. (a) The boy has a cast. His wrist is broken.
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) The boy has a cast.
His wrist is broken.

48. (b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) The boy has a cast.
His wrist is broken.
whose wrist
(b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.
whose possession

49. (b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(a) The boy has a cast.
His wrist is broken.
whose wrist
(b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.
adjective clause

50. (d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor.
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(c) I have a friend.
Her mother is a doctor.
whose mother
(d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor.
whose possession

51. (d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor.
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(c) I have a friend.
Her mother is a doctor.
whose mother
(d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor.
adjective clause

52. (e) The family was moving. I bought their car.
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(e) The family was moving.
I bought their car.

53. (e) The family was moving. I bought their car.
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(e) The family was moving.
I bought their car.
whose car
(f) The family whose car I bought was moving.
whose possession

54. (c) The family is moving. I bought their car.
12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(c) The family is moving.
I bought their car.
whose car
(d) The family whose car I bought was moving.
adjective clause

55. who whose This is my friend Ichiro. His sister is a famous scientist.
12-7 LET’S PRACTICE
who
whose
This is my friend Ichiro.
His sister is a famous
scientist.
This is my friend Ichiro
whose sister
is a famous scientist.

56. who whose I go to a great doctor. She is very busy.
12-7 LET’S PRACTICE
who
whose
I go to a great doctor.
She is very busy.
I go to a great doctor
who is very busy.

57. who whose I go to a busy doctor. Her patients often have to wait
12-7 LET’S PRACTICE
who
whose
I go to a busy doctor.
Her patients often have to wait
in line.
I go to a busy doctor
whose patients often
have to wait in line.

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