1. 1 Shuh Woei Yu Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Central University From Hazard Control to Risk Control - A Paradigm Shift in the National OHS Policy

2. 2 Presentation Outline Realignment of the National OSH Policy The Management System-based National Policy The Risk Assessment Process Challenges of OH&S Risk Assessment Conclusion

3. 3 3 Fatality Rate per Million Workers ＊ Singapore ※ Japan Australia UK →TOSHMS ←Regulation and enforcement

4. 4 Objectives of the Risk Control-based National OSH Policy To strengthen the protection of workers by establishing a national framework for OH&S management supported by arrangements at the national level; To adopt international OSH management system models in developing the national and tailored guidelines on OSH management; To prevent workplace accidents through effective risk management; To enhance management commitment and employee involvement.

5. 5 5 National OSH policy Taiwan OSHMS Guidelines Taiwan OSHMS Certification Specifications Effective OSHMS Implementation The National OSH Policy Framework To prevent work-related accidents and injuries with effective OSH management system at the organizational level Adopting the ILO- OSH Guidelines as the national management system guidelines Derived from OHSAS 18001 with emphasis on management commitment, worker participation, risk assessment, qualification of certification agencies, and competence of auditors Eligible organizations will receive both OHSAS 18001 and TOSHMS certificates

6. 6 6 3. Implementation Guidelines 2.Certification Specifications & Reg. Amendments National OSH Policy and Goals 1.TOSHMS Guidelines 4. Publication of Technical Guides such as RA, MOC, Contractor Management, etc. 5.Standardizing the Certification Audit Process The National OSH Policy Implementation Roadmap

7. 7 The Risk Assessment Process 1. Design the risk assessment process 2. Identify the tasks, processes and activities to be assessed 3. Characterize the hazards and assess the potential consequence and likelihood 4. Verify existing protection or accident prevention measures 5. Assess the risk 6. Determine additional measures necessary to reduce the risk 7. Estimate the residual risk 8. Record the risk assessment process 9. Review and improve the risk assessment process

8. 8 1. Activity Descrip- tion 2. Hazard and Accident Scenario Identification 3. Existing Control Measures 4. Risk Analysis 5.Additional Control Measures 6. Residual Risk Ranking Activity Id No. Description Working Condition Identified Hazard Accident Scenario Engineering Control Administrative Control PPE Severity Likelihood Risk Ranking Severity Likelihood Risk Ranking Frequency WorkingEnvironment Equipment Materials Training/Skills The Standard Risk Register

9. 9 Challenges of OH&S Risk Management Lack of proper use of risk criteria  the overuse of risk matrix  risk criteria not defined prior to risk assessment  not fully understanding the ALARP principle Lack of well-defined procedures for hazard identification  mostly conducted based on assessor’s experiences  failure to integrate Job Safety Analysis principles with hazard identification  no well documented methodologies

10. 10 Challenges of OH&S Risk Management (cont’d) Insufficient in-house expertise and past accident history  over reliance on generic methodologies  lack of past incident and accident database  subjectivity of risk assessors  lack of consideration of human factors Inappropriate risk scenario identification  limited experience in incident investigation  improper handling or not fully understanding the effect of uncertainty

11. 11 Conclusion Recognition of the fact that regulations alone cannot prevent accidents by the Council of Labor Affairs is certainly a critical step toward upgrading Taiwan’s OH&S management standard to the international level. The risk management process is a core element of and is critical to the success of TOSHMS. Therefore, capacity building for risk assessment and risk control is a priority task to most Taiwanese organizations.