1. TRIATHLON AUSTRALIA NOAS Level 1 Technical Officials Training Programme Version 4 December 2012

2. LEVEL 1 COURSE OUTLINE  4 Hour Seminar  Unit 1:  Accreditation Process  Code of Behaviour  Officiating Principles  Application of the Race Competition Rules  Technical Officials Structure  Unit 2:  Race Competition Rules  Unit 3:  Penalties  Protests  Appeals

3. LEVEL 1 COURSE OUTLINE  Unit 4:  Forms & Reports  Race Day Procedures & Briefings  Technical Needs & Uniform  Technical Official’s Checklist  Scenarios  Draft Officiating Simulation (where possible)  Level 1 Exam (in class or take home)  Practical Session – 1 sanctioned event

4. Accreditation, Behaviour, Officiating Principals, TO Structure UNIT 1 4

5. BECOMING A TECHNICAL OFFICIAL  Accreditation Process  Attend a Seminar  Complete the exam  Complete the On-Line Officiating Principles Course  ASC: https://sao.ausport.gov.auhttps://sao.ausport.gov.au  Officiate at a sanctioned event

6. BECOMING A TECHNICAL OFFICIAL  Sign the Code of Behaviour agreement  Undergo Assessment  Retain Triathlon Australia membership  Through the State/Territory Association  Provides insurance cover  Special reduced membership rates  (check with the STTA for details)  Officiate (ideally) at a minimum of 3 sanctioned events

7. TA TECHNICAL OFFICIAL ACCREDITATION PROGRAMME  Level 1  Reaccreditation required annually at the State/Territory Level  Level 2  Level 3  National Technical Official (NTO)

8. CODE OF BEHAVIOUR  Key Points  Operate within the rules and spirit of the sport  Promote fair play over winning at any cost  Display control and courtesy to all  Respect the rights of everyone  Adopt responsible behaviour in relation to alcohol and drugs  Do not tolerate harmful or abusive behaviours  Place the safety and welfare of athletes above all else  Be consistent and impartial

9. OFFICIATING PRINCIPLES  Key Points  Operate within the rules and spirit of the sport  Technical Officials must base their determination on whether an unfair advantage has been gained or health/welfare has been jeopardised.  Technical Officials are charged with ensuring that the technical aspects of sanctioned events are of the highest quality.  Any sanctioned event is required to have Technical Officials

10. OFFICIATING PRINCIPLES  Purpose of the TA RCR  Create an atmosphere of sportsmanship, equality and fair play  Optimise safety and protection  Emphasis ingenuity and skill  Penalise competitors who seek to gain an unfair advantage  Endorse triathlon as an individual sport

11. APPLICATION OF THE RCR  The interpretation and application of the RCR shall be consistent with the status of the event  Mass participation “come and try” events – focus on education  National series or prize money events – focus on enforcement  Internationally televised events – focus on product  In all types of events, SAFETY IS NOT COMPROMISED PRODUCT EDUCATIONENFORCEMENT ITU event National Champs or Ironman Local event - with prize money Local event - no prize money “Come and Try” event

12. TECHNICAL OFFICIALS STRUCTURE  Technical Delegate (TD)  Appointed by the TA board for all national championship and national series events  Appointed by the STTA for local events  Responsible for ensuring that all aspects of the TA RCR and Race Operations Procedures are fulfilled before, during and after the event  The TD is responsible for chairing the Competition Jury if needed  The TD will be involved in / overseeing of sanctioning of the event

13. TECHNICAL OFFICIALS STRUCTURE  Race Referee (RR)  Appointed in the same way as the Technical Delegate  The Race Referee is responsible to the Technical Delegate to hear and make final decisions on all rules violations reported by Technical Officials and on all protests.

14. TECHNICAL OFFICIALS STRUCTURE  Chief Race Official (CROs)  Appointed in the same way as the TD and RR  Responsible to the Race Referee for the control and co- ordination of the employment of Technical Officials  Technical Officials (TOs)  Appointed by the RR or CRO  Responsible to their respective CROs (if appointed) or the RR  Application of the TA RCR in accordance with the level requested by the RR

15. TECHNICAL OFFICIALS STRUCTURE Technical Delegate (TD) Chief Race Official (CRO) Race Director (RD) Race Referee (RR) Race Competition Jury Assistant Chief Swim Assistant Chief Cycle Assistant Chief Run Assistant Chief Transition Tech. Officials Swim Tech. Officials Cycle Tech. Officials Run Tech. Officials Transition Race Operations & Administration Assistant Chief Start/Finish Tech. Officials Start/Finish

16. RACE COMPETITION RULES UNIT 2 16

17. GENERAL CONDUCT  Competitors must  Practice good sports conduct at all times  Be responsible for their own safety, the safety of their own equipment and be considerate of the safety of others  Be responsible for understanding and following the TA RCR  Obey traffic regulations and instructions from race officials  Treat all others with respect and courtesy

18. GENERAL CONDUCT  Competitors must  Not use abusive language  Be responsible for keeping on the designated course and if leaving the course for any reason they must re-enter at the same point  Not wear, use or carry items deemed to be a hazard to self or other  Hard casts, jewellery, glass/metal containers, mobile phones, MP3 players, 2-way radios or anything of this nature  Not use unauthorised equipment

19. GENERAL CONDUCT  Competitors must  Not obstruct or interfere with the forward progress or jeopardise the safety and welfare of another competitor, race official, spectator or member of the public  Not accept assistance from anyone other than an authorised race official  Not leave equipment or discarded articles of equipment anywhere on the course, except in the approved locations  Withdraw immediately from the event if deemed by the event medical personnel that they present to the health or welfare or either him/herself or another person

20. GENERAL CONDUCT  Competitors must  Not cause deliberate offence through deliberate acts of nudity, or public toilet which might be seen or noticed in public  Report to the Penalty Box to serve a time penalty for a Rule Violation after being issued with a Yellow Card and instructed to do so by a Technical Official  May wear a “speed suit” at any time during an event as long as it meets the following definition:  A speedsuit must be comprised of 100% textile material such as nylon or lycra and must not include rubberised material such as polyurethane or neoprene. The speedsuit may contain a zipper.

21. GENERAL CONDUCT  Failure to comply with any of the General Rules will result in the competitor receiving one of the forms of Penalties described  It is not mandatory for a TO to indicate that a rule violation will be reported or give prior warning to issuing a penalty or reporting a rule violation  A competitor may complete the event except where instructed to withdraw by a medical officer

22. SWIMMING CONDUCT  A competitor may use any stroke for propulsion through the water, tread water or float  A competitor may stand on the bottom or rest by holding an inanimate object  In an emergency the competitor should raise an arm overhead and call for assistance. Once rendered the competitor must retire from the competition

23. Water temperature and wetsuit use Elite, under 23, open and junior competitors Under 19, age group competitors DistanceForbidden AboveMandatory BelowMaximum Time Up to 1500m20 o C14 o C30 min 1501 – 3000m23 o C15 o C1 hr 40 min 3001+24 o C16 o C2 hr 15 min DistanceForbidden AboveMandatory BelowMaximum Time Up to 1500m24 o C14 o C1 hr 10 min 1501 – 3000m24 o C15 o C1 hr 40 min 3001+24 o C16 o C2 hr 15 min 23

24. SWIMMING CONDUCT  A competitor must wear the swim cap if provided. For Aquathlons and other multi-swim events the cap is compulsory for the first swim only  Any artificial propulsion device is prohibited  Any wetsuit with a thickness > 5mm is prohibited  The wearing of wet suit pants without the wet suit top is prohibited

25. CYCLING CONDUCT  A competitor must obey traffic rules unless otherwise directed by a race official  A competitor is not permitted to cycle without appropriate footwear or with a bare torso  A competitor is not permitted to make any forward progress without the bicycle and all it’s component parts

26. CYCLING CONDUCT  Bike helmets are compulsory and must be approved by a national testing authority recognised by a national federation that is an affiliate of the ITU  Any alteration/addition/omission to any part of the helmet is prohibited  The helmet must remained securely fastened at all times once the bicycle is removed from the rack, on the cycle course until the bike is racked again  A competitor must clearly display the race identification number(s) at all times if provided by the Race Director. Those not complying may incur a Stop/Start penalty

27. CYCLING CONDUCT  A competitor observed to have a helmet not securely fastened will receive a Stop – Start penalty to be served either on the spot or at the Penalty Box

28. CYCLING CONDUCT (non drafting)  A competitor not keeping to the left when not passing may receive a Blocking penalty

29. CYCLING CONDUCT (non drafting)  A competitor who has completed a pass and who fails to move to the left afterwards (A) will receive a Blocking penalty

30. CYCLING CONDUCT (non drafting)  Drafting off another bike or motor vehicle is forbidden. A competitor has passed another once the leading edge of the front wheel has passed the other competitor’s front wheel.  The zone is 3m x 7m for cycle courses < or = 40km  The zone is 3m x 12m for cycle courses >40km 7 or 12 metres

31. CYCLING CONDUCT (non drafting)  The draft zone of a competitor may not overlap the draft zone of another competitor or motorcycle unless the rear competitor is in the process of passing the forward competitor or motorcycle

32. CYCLING CONDUCT (non drafting)  When passing, once the rear competitor's draft zone overlaps the forward competitor's draft zone or motor cycle draft zone, the rear competitor is allowed a maximum of 15 sec or 25 sec to pass the forward competitor or forward motor cycle.  At every instance forward progress must be made

33. CYCLING CONDUCT (non drafting)  A competitors draft zone may overlap under the following circumstances  In passing the other competitor /motor cycle for no longer than 15 sec ( 40 km)  For safety reasons  For an aid station  Entrance/Departure of Transition  Making an acute turn  Once passed the other competitor must drop back immediately

34. CYCLING CONDUCT  Vehicle Draft Zone  This zone is 35m x 5m from the centre of the front of the vehicle  The drivers of race vehicles are responsible for not overlapping with competitors  The competitor is responsible for not overlapping with a public vehicle and has 90- sec to pass

35. CYCLING CONDUCT  Bikes must have the following characteristics  No more than 2m long and 75cm wide  (ITU WC and World Champs for Elite, Junior and U23 is 50cm wide)  Measure at least 24cm from ground to the chain wheel axle  A vertical line from the front of the saddle will be no more than 5cm in front and no more than 15cm behind a vertical line passing through the centre of the chain wheel axle

36. CYCLING CONDUCT  The bike will measure no less than 54cm and no more than 65cm between a vertical line passing through the centre of the chain wheel axle and a vertical line through the centre front axle

37. CYCLING CONDUCT  Other bicycle restrictions  Fairing which reduce air resistance are prohibited  The front wheel may be a different diameter but must be spoked  Disk wheels and covers are allowed on rear wheels only  No wheel may contain mechanisms which are capable of accelerating it

38. CYCLING CONDUCT  Bar ends must be plugged, tubular tires securely glued, headsets tight and wheels true  There must be an operational brake on each wheel  Forward facing brake leavers are illegal (applies to Draft Legal events only)

39. CYCLING CONDUCT  Draft Legal Events (Elite, U23 and Juniors), ITU Competition Rules apply  Only traditional drop bars are permitted  Clip-ons will be permitted provided they do not extend more than 15-centimetres beyond the front wheel axle and they are no longer than the brake levers foremost line  Straight forward facing clip-ons must be bridged and must not carry forward facing brake levers  Elbow pads are permitted

40. RUNNING CONDUCT  A competitor may not crawl  A competitor may not run with a bare torso or without shoes on any part of the run course of an event  A competitor must clearly display the race identification number on their front at all times on the run course if provided by the Race Director. Those not complying may incur a Stop/Start penalty

41. TRANSITION CONDUCT  A competitor may only have a bare torso when moving from the swim exit to their bicycle rack or moving from their bicycle rack to the swim entry  A competitor must mount and dismount the bicycle at the respective designated mounting and dismounting zones  A competitor must at all times rack his/her own bicycle only at their designated bicycle rack location and leave it in a stable position

42. TRANSITION CONDUCT  A competitor must at all times place all their equipment at their designated bicycle rack location  A competitor must not interfere with another competitor's equipment but where accidental interference occurs the offending competitor must replace the equipment to its former position and state

43. TA RCR – PENALTIES, PROTESTS and APPEALS UNIT 3 43

44. NOTIFICATION OF PENALTIES  Technical Official’s Responsibilities  Gain the attention of the competitor  Confirm the competitor’s race number  Show the Yellow or Red Card and inform the competitor of the rule infringement and  Advise the competitor of what action needs to be taken:  Stop-Start penalty on the course  Proceed to the Penalty Box for a Time or Stop-Start Penalty  Competitor Conduct  When shown a Yellow or Red Card by a Technical Official, a competitor must:  Confirm with the Technical Official their race number; and  Acknowledge and obey any instruction from the Technical Official

45. PENALTIES  The following types of penalties may be applied for a rule infringement:  Time Penalty  Stop – Start Penalty

46. PENALTIES  Time Penalty  To be served at a designated area on the cycle course (Penalty Box)  For the Swim and Run segments (and also aquathlons) the TD and/or RR should discuss with the Race Director as to whether a time penalty should apply in these segments. If a time penalty is to apply it will be 3 minutes Cycle Course DistanceTime Penalty Up to and including 40km3 minutes 40.1km and above5 minutes 46

47. PENALTIES  Stop – Start Penalty  This is an on the spot penalty for a minor infringement served with a Technical Official either on the spot or in the Penalty Box.  The competitor must:  Stop with Technical Official  Listen to and acknowledge any verbal instructions  Process when the Yellow Card has been withdrawn and it is safe to do so or the Technical Official advises to do so

48. PENALTIES  Disqualification  This is awarded by the Race Referee  on personal observation  as a result of a report made by a TO  or a finding by the Competition Jury  This removes the competitor as a finisher from the results of the event  2 or more Yellow Card infringments during an event will be confirmed by the RR as a disqualification  Disqualifications are posted on the Penalties Notice Board usually near the Finish

49. NOTIFICATION OF PENALTIES  Warnings  Where the TO feels the infraction is unintentional and/or is about to occur they may:  Gain the attention of the competitor  Confirm their race number  DO NOT show a card  Advise the competitor on what action they must take and why  Yellow Card  The TO observes an infringement and is going to apply a penalty:  Gain the attention of the competitor  Confirm their race number  SHOW the YELLOW card  Advise the competitor on what action they must take and why  TO will complete a Violation Report and submit to the RR if the penalty is not served

50. NOTIFICATION OF PENALTIES  Red Card  The TO observes a Red Card infringement:  Gain the attention of the competitor  Confirm their race number  SHOW the RED Card  Advise the competitor on what action they must take and why  Where a red card has been shown the TO must inform the competitor that they can continue and that a ruling will be made at the completion of the event  If the RR disqualifies the competitor, the ruling must be posted in a prominent location  The RR may wish to speak to the competitor  Any posting NOT made within 1 hour of the last competitor finishing the event are invalid  TO’s MUST fill out a Violation Report

51. INFRINGEMENT FLOW CHART Infringement (Competitor) Red Card / Yellow Card (Technical) Report Lodged (Technical Official) Report Assessed (Race Referee) No further action Warning Disqualification (Race Referee) Disq. Advised (Race Referee)

52. PROTESTS  If a competitor has a concern regarding a violation and/or disqualification they must contact either the RR or TD. If they wish to lodge a Protest they must do this with the RR within certain time limits  A competitor may file a protest with the RR provided that the action protested has not previously been reported by a TO and ruled upon by the RR  A protest cannot be made on a judgment call by a TO

53. PROTESTS  If a competitor has a concern regarding a penalty they must contact either the Race Referee or the Technical Delegate. If they wish to lodge a Protest they must do this with the Race Referee within the guidelines in the TA RCR  Protests may be made:  Concerning the Course  Concerning Eligibility  Concerning Equipment  Against another Competitor or an Official  Concerning Timekeeping

54. PROTEST FLOW CHART Protest Lodged (Competitor) Protest Assessed (Race Referee) Protest dismissed (Race Referee) Competitor advised (Race Referee) Protest Upheld (Race Referee) Resulting Action(s) (Race Referee)

55. APPEALS  A competitor may file an appeal with the Technical Delegate, or STTA representative if a Technical Delegate was not appointed, against a ruling of the Race Referee provided that the decision appealed against has not previously been the subject of an appeal and ruled upon by the Competition Jury.  An appeal cannot be made on a judgement call.

56. APPEAL FLOW CHART Appeal Lodged (Competitor) Competition Jury Convened (Technical Delegate) Appeal dismissed (Competition Jury) Competitor advised (Technical Delegate) Triathlon Australia Board Appeal Upheld (Competition Jury) RR and Competitor advised (Technical Delegate) Resulting action(s) (Technical Delegate)

57. OFFICIATING PRINCIPLES  Modifications  Officials must know the intent and purpose of a rule to apply it properly  Exceptions  Where the TA RCR conflict with the laws of the jurisdiction in which the event is to be held, those laws will override the TA RCR  Exceptions must gain approval from the STTA or the TATC  Special Rules  The TD may approve the addition of special rules

58. Forms, Procedures, Uniform and Scenario Discussion UNIT 4 58

59. FORMS & REPORTS  Red/Yellow Cards  Infringement records, penalty box log form and any other written notes. All records need to be issued to the CTO/RR for validation

60. FORMS AND REPORTS  Infringement Report  Blank Infringement Report will be issued by the RR for the Technical Official to complete  The following information must be recorded on the Infringement Report:  Race & Date  Race Number of Competitor(s) involved  What did the Infringement involve  Where did the Infringement occur  How did the Infringement occur  Additional Comments  Name & Signature of Official

61. RACE PROCEDURES / BRIEFINGS  Pre-event Briefing  All Technical Officials, including the TD and RR, should meet prior to race start at a pre-determined time and place to discuss the Technical plan and any course issues;  The TD should present to the technical team all issues encountered during sanctioning and liaison with the Race Director and event staff;  The RR then takes charge of the group and instructs the duties and function.

62. RACE PROCEDURES / BRIEFINGS  Post-event Briefing  Following event completion, all Technical Officials should meet with the TD and RR to:  Discuss any issues arisen on the day  Collect technical equipment and review all red / yellow card infringements  Fill in any Violation Reports and submit to RR for suitable action  Determine any Competition Jury needs (make up)  Provide comments for the Race Report.

63. RACE PROCEDURES / BRIEFINGS  Bike-check  Visual inspection ONLY  2 brakes are compulsory  Handlebar plugs are compulsory.  Helmet Inspection  Visual inspection ONLY;  Can ask the athlete to remove the helmet for closer inspection;  Must have a hard plastic cover, unless specifically manufactured without.

64. TECHNICAL CHECKLIST & UNIFORM  Prepare mentally and physically for the day.  Review any pre race communications and schedules  Bring your rule book  Bring refreshments, sunscreen etc.  Be professional and responsible when dealing with athletes, coaches, administrators and others involved with the sport.  Be punctual, arriving at the competition with enough time to prepare for the officiating role. Be pleasant and professional in your approach with the athletes  Display integrity, honesty, and trustworthiness when performing your role.

65. TECHNICAL CHECKLIST & UNIFORM  Uniform  TA Technical Shirt or similar if not issued yet  supplied by TA through each State/Territory Triathlon Association;  Must be neat and unaltered  TA TO’s Vest (supplied by the STTA)  Black / Navy blue walking shorts or pants  smart looking dress shorts  Long pants / trousers if officiating on a motorcycle  Appropriate enclosed footwear (no sandals or thongs)  Name badge  supplied by TA and details your name, Official number

66. TECHNICAL CHECKLIST & UNIFORM  Equipment  2 writing implements  Red/Yellow card  Fresh unmarked pages in notebook  Whistle

67. SCENARIOS  Scenario 1  An event has a Penalty Box on the cycle course. You are a technical official on the cycle course and you observe a competitor remove and replace their helmet while they continue to make forward progress. When you come alongside the competitor they tell you they had a bee in their helmet. Which of the following would you NOT take?  a) Issue a warning to the competitor.  b) Issue a Yellow Card and have competitor perform a Stop/Start Penalty.  c) Issue a Yellow Card and tell the competitor to report to the Penalty Box.  d) Issue a Red Card and tell the competitor they have been disqualified and to pull out of the race.

68. SCENARIOS  Scenario 2  You are a technical official on the run course and you observe a competitor who appears to be distressed. The competitor stops by the side of the course near a spectator and you observe the competitor receive a drink from a spectator. When you approach the competitor the spectator informs you they are a doctor and that the competitor is suffering dehydration. Which of the following would you take?  a) Issue a Red Card and tell the competitor they have been disqualified and to pull out of the race.  b) Issue a warning to the competitor.  c) Issue a Red Card and inform the competitor an Infringement Report will be provided to the Race Referee.  d) Arrange for event medical staff to evaluate the condition of the athlete.

69. SCENARIOS  Scenario 3  You are a technical official in transition and you observe a competitor attempting to rack their bike. In their haste the competitor causes the two bikes next to theirs to fall off the rack and impede the progress of another competitor who is moving to their own rack. The former competitor is now running toward you. What would you do?

70. SCENARIOS  Scenario 4  You are standing at the mount line and notice 2 competitors heading toward you already mounted and riding their bicycles. The mount line is packed with other competitors mounting on or after the line and the surroundings are packed with spectators. You are the only official at the mount line. What would you do?

71. SCENARIOS  Scenario 5  You are in transition and notice a competitor running toward you, heading for the mount line. The competitor has a bare torso. Describe appropriate actions.

72. SCENARIOS  Scenario 6  A competitor running through the swim chute drops or hands their cap and goggles to a spectator you suspect is a friend / partner. How would you handle this?

73. LEVEL 1 EXAM  The exam must be completed prior to participating in the practical component  Complete personal details  Respond to all exam questions  (open book)  Pass mark – 100%

74. PRACTICAL SESSION - OFFICIATING  Book in for Practical  Nominate the sanctioned event you wish to officiate (within 3 months)  Confirm your attendance with the course instructor  Contact the RR or CRO prior to event day to confirm:  Attendance  Event location, details (registration, Transition opening etc) and start time  Technical team start time and where to report (Transition Area / Technical Officials’ Lounge etc.)

75. PRACTICAL SESSION - OFFICIATING  Attendance and Role  Arrive at the event and report to the Race Referee  Attend the pre-event briefing, where:  the TD will provide sanctioning and event information; and  the RR or CRO will assign duties and discuss with the Technical Team the level of application of the Race Competition Rules.  All documents are to be submitted directly to the Race Referee (or CRO where appointed);  The Race Referee will advise you of when your duties are finished.

76. THE TA TECHNICAL TEAM WISHES T0 FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION AND SUPPORT OF THE TECHNICAL PROGRAM 76