1. Introduction to AuthorIT April 10, 2006 Symposium on Knowledge Representation TICL SIG Joseph M. Scandura, Ph.D. Chairman, Board Scientific Advisors, MERGE Research Institute Emeritus and Adjunct Professor, University of Pennsylvania Visiting Research Professor, College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University www. scandura.com

2. V. Structural Learning Theory Using AuthorIT to Create Instructional Systems I-A. Content Knowledge Representation tasks/problems lower & higher order SLT rules TutorIT I-A. Content knowledge w/ III. UCM, capacity/speed IV. Full diagnostic & tutorial expertise; fully configurable Learner III. U Control Mechanism, capacity/speed IV. Individual knowledge V. Structural Analysis via AuthorIT AutoBuilder Blackboard Editor TutorIT Options I-B. Blackboard Interface TutorIT displays & Learner responses copyright scandura 2001-5 -56

3. Problem Structure (AST) Problem LayoutNode Attributes Using Blackboard Editor to Represent Problems & Interfaces as ASTs

4. Author IT: Structural Knowledge Input-Output Data Structure AST defining Column Subtraction

5. Author IT: Procedural Knowledge Procedure AST Generating Specified Input and Output Behavior

6. Author IT Defining TutorIT Delivery in Options Tools

7. TutorIT: Procedural Knowledge Learner Model and Sample Screen

8. Tutor IT: Declarative Knowledge (Simple Factual & Structural Knowledge) State CapitalsBuilding Blocks

9. I. What Does AuthorIT Mean for Developers/Researchers? Faster More Cost-Effective CBI Development Content – use AutoBuilder to define what is to be learned Interface – use Blackboard Editor to define user interface in easy to use GUI Delivery – use Option Tool (dialog box) to specify one or more ways for content to be delivered Delivery – TutorIT delivers content to learner in any of the specified ways (e.g., to conduct definitive research) Integrated Development Platform Means Quality Control / Uniform Quality

10. II. What Does AuthorIT Mean for Developers/Researchers? Greater Precision To be acquired knowledge can be represented at whatever level of precision may be desired Analysis is cumulative – continued as resources allow Diagnostic precision & tutor effectiveness – increased as resources allow Utopian goal of guaranteed learning becomes attainable

11. III. What Does AuthorIT Mean for Developers/Researchers? Single Development Cycle – Multiple Products Instruction – delivers instruction systematically in optimal order Diagnostic – quickly determines what learner knows Adaptive – automatically adjusts testing & instruction in optimal fashion Simulation/Performance Aid – Guides learner step by step in performing tasks Practice – provides practice on important material copyright scandura 2001-5 -56

12. Full Range of AuthorIT Tutorials Learning How to Design an Interface

13. TutorIT Customizer & Customizer plus Allows Teachers to Easily Customize TutorIT Systems Easily Customize Existing Tutorials Change/Add Text and/or Teachers Voice/Audio for Instruction Questions Positive Feedback Corrective Feedback Customized Content Automatically Works with TutorIT Plus Version Supports All Customizer features Custom files (e.g., Flash) Selecting Author Prescribed TutorIT Options for Students Exporting to Other Networked Computers

14. Tutor IT Customizer plus Dialog

15. What Do TutorIT Customizers Mean for Developers/Teacher/Trainers? Easily Customize for Different Learners Add or customize text Add or customize audio with Teachers Voice Spanish, Chinese, etc. instead of English Add or customize Flash demonstrations Multiple Versions at No Extra Cost Different versions of Products without programming e.g., for languages, simply re-record & save

16. Define Input & Output for each Item Limited choice of input, response & evaluation types Enter Desired Instruction, Question, Positive & Corrective Feedback for each Item Optional file references for audio, Flash files, etc. Assign Initial Learner Status: Known +, Unknown - or Undetermined ? Layout Observable Interface Limited to positioning Select TutorIT Configuration Options Limited Diagnostic & Instructional Options Works with TutorIT EZauthor Shell Authoring System for Teachers

17. Statically Defined Knowledge Defining Input and Output Behavior in EZauthor

18. Statically Defined Knowledge Defining Problem Layout / Display Attributes in EZauthor

19. What Does EZauthor Mean for Developers/Teachers/Trainers? EZauthor Short Cut for Simple Tutors Build adaptive tutors with absolutely no programming Automatically concentrates on what learner does not know - e.g., learn a language more efficiently)

20. Leading CBI Developer Estimates* Development Times Tutorials – 200 hours per 1 hour of instruction Simulations, Games, Intelligent (adaptive) Tutors – 200-800 hours per 1 hour instruction Non-interactive – 100 hours per hour of instruction Allocation of Time 1. Front end analysis - 20% 2. Instructional Strategy Definition - 30% 3. Creation of Media and software assets - 20% 4. Integration of components and testing - 30% * Foshay & Preese, Technology, Instruction, Cognition & Learning, 2005.

21. Estimates with AuthorIT Development Times Tutorials – 20-100 (vs. 200) hours per 1 hour of instruction Simulations, Games, Intelligent (adaptive) Tutors – 20-400 (vs. 200-800) hours per 1 hour instruction Non-interactive – 10 (vs. 100) hours per hour of instruction Allocation of Time 1. Front end analysis – no change (20%) 2. Instructional Strategy Definition – (1% vs. 30%) 3. Creation of Media and software assets – no change (20%) 4. Integration of components and testing – estimate continuing reductions as system matures to (5% vs. 30%)

22. Status Ready for Classroom Testing Arithmetic Skills Mathematical Processes Ready for Authoring TutorIT Customizer tutorials show how to customize existing TutorIT tutorials EZauthor tutorials show teachers how to create simple lessons AuthorIT tutorials show how to create professional tutorials Ready for Academic R&D Customize tutorials to test designer's favorite theory Easily develop tutors in designer's areas of expertise copyright scandura 2001-5 -56

23. FREE Availability TutorIT FREELY download, install &/or distribute >> www.scandura.com << Content, Customizers, EZauthor & AuthorIT FREE to SIG TICL Members & Subscribers Contact scandura@scandura.com for details copyright scandura 2001-5 -56