1. Huw Dylan Owen Rhamant neu Angen? – dylanwad iaith ar effeithiolrwydd therapi Need or Romantic Notion? – language influence on therapy effectiveness

3. Ansawdd a Diogelwch Quality and Safety Mynediad Access Gweithlu Workforce Cost Cyfaddawd Derbyniol Acceptable trade-offs Context Cyd-destun = polisi, iechyd poblogaeth, nodweddion cymuned, gwasanaethau eraill ac ati. Context = policy, population health, community characteristics, other services etc. Gofal o Safon Rhyngwladol World Class Health Care Longley, M. (2012) The Best Configuration of Hospital Services for Wales: A Review of the Evidence. Cardiff: Welsh Institute for Health and Social Care Cyd-destun

4. Estimate of the percentage of people 3 years and older who said they could speak Welsh 2001. Electoral Divisions (2003) Source: 2001 Population Census

5. “The Welsh language is the curse of Wales. Its prevalence and the ignorance of English have excluded and even now exclude the Welsh people from the civilisation, the improvement, and the material prosperity of their English neighbours. Their antiquated and semi-barbarous language, in short, shrouds them in darkness. If Wales and the Welsh are ever thoroughly to share in the material prosperity, the culture and morality of England, they must forget their isolated language, and learn to speak English and nothing else... For all purposes, Welsh is a dead language.” - Editorial – The Times (1866)

7. Gogwydd Dethol Cofnodi Dewis Iaith Effeithiolrwydd Therapi Barn Defnyddwyr Selection Bias? Recording Language Choice Therapy Effectiveness Users’ Opinions

8. Siaradwyr Cymraeg yr Ardal Area Welsh Speakers Oed Age Nifer Number Canran Percentage 3-41,65141.7% 5-96,44460.5% 10-146,88961.2% 15-249,42749,2% 25-4923,04242.4% 50-6416,45747.9% 65+19,89259.0%

9. Gogwydd Dethol?Selection Bias? n=1,746 Dengys y prawf Chi-Sgwâr Llwyddiant y Ffit fod gwahaniaeth arwyddocaol yn y gyfran o siaradwyr Cymraeg a gyfeiriwyd ac a dderbyniwyd gan y gwasanaeth adsefydlu am therapi (41.9% a 41.8%) o’i chymharu â’r canran a ragdybiwyd (50.1%), p<.001. A chi-square goodness- of-fit test indicates there as a significant difference in the proportion of Welsh speakers referred and accepted by the rehabilitation service for therapy input (41.9% and 41.8%) as compared with the anticipated percentage (50.1%) p<.001.

11. Service Users' Language Preference 2010/2011 Percentage Welsh Speakers Aged 65+ in County - Census 2001 Statistics Number of Individuals aged 65+ in the county who receive services paid for by the Local Authority 2010/2011 who have Welsh recorded as language preference Number of Individuals aged 65+ in the county who receive services paid for by the Local Authority 2010/2011 who have English or another language recorded as language preference Of those who expressed a preference - Percentage Individuals aged 65+ in the county who receive care paid for by the Local Authority 2010/2011 who have Welsh recorded as language preference Of those who expressed a preference - Percentage Indivduals aged 65+ in the county who receive care paid for by the Local Authority 2010/2011 who have English or another language recorded as language preference Number of Individuals aged 65+ in the county who receive services paid for by the Local Authority 2010/2011 who have no language preference recorded Percentage of Individuals aged 65+ in the county who receive services paid for by the Local Authority 2010/2011 who have no language preference recorded Gwynedd 64%480160923%77%00% Carmarthenshire 59%31060734%66%154263% Ynys Môn 54%756132036%64%196849% Cerdigion 54%22323049%51%49852% Denbighshire 25%499165%95%92849% Conwy 25%28532768%92%190335% Neath - Port Talbot 22%13324235%95%1867% Powys 20%10116636%94%102737% Pembrokeshire 19%10512018%92%84939% Swansea 18%4210094%96%370078% Wrexham 16%9824964%96%36312% Flintshire 10%1915411%99%17410% Bridgend 9%1422%98%245798% Rhondda Cynon Taf 9%860670%100%5078% Merthyr Tudful 8%48570%100%59441% Vale of Glamorgan 6%22851%99%124081% Cardiff 5%1214741%99%53026% Caefphilly 4%753670%100%252432% Monmouthshire 3%14500%100%106370% Torfaen 2%019670%100%914% Newport 2%0740%100%134395% Blaenau Gwent 2%08120%100%32228% Totals and Averages20%2636356867%93%2380938%

13. Sgorau Cymedrig Amrywiad Asesu a Deilliannau FIM & FAM mewn Ardal gyda Thîm heb Staff sydd yn gallu Siarad Cymraeg Mean Scores Variation Assessment and Outcome FIM & FAM in Area Team which had no Staff who could Speak Welsh The Mann-Whitney U test revealed a significant difference in the FIM & FAM Assessment and Outcome Variation scores of Welsh speakers and non-Welsh speakers in the area where there the team’s staff were non-Welsh-speaking. p<.05 Dengys y Prawf U Mann- Whitney wahaniaeth arwyddocaol yn sgorau Amrywiad Asesu a Deilliannau FIM & FAM siaradwyr Cymraeg a’r di- Gymraeg yn yr ardal lle'r oedd staff y tîm yn ddi- Gymraeg p<.05

15. Ffordd YmlaenWay Forward Gwersi Iaith?Language Lessons? Codi Hyder Ieithyddol Staff?Raise Staff language confidence? “It’s not about you!” Newid diffiniad dewis iaithChange definition of chosen language “Cynnig Rhagweithiol” Symud y cyfrifoldeb am sicrhau gwasanaethau addas oddi ar ysgwyddau’r defnyddiwr i’r darparwr. “Active Offer”: Responsibility for ensuring appropriate services transferred from the user to the provider.

16. Er y ffisig a’r pigiad – y sgan Stethoscôp, chwistrelliad, Wyddoch chi, ni ddaw iachâd ‘N aml heb iaith cydymdeimlad.