1. 6th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change 9-11 October 2013, Athens (Hellas) Brief Overview of Electricity Prices in European Countries Ms. Karine Sargsyan Energy Strategy Center of Scientific Research Institute of Energy PROJECT:Assistance to Energy Sector to Strengthen Energy Security and Regional Integration

2. Introduction  Observed: 33 European countries  Observation Period: 2004-2009  Observation parameters: GDP, Population, Gross Inland Consumption of Hydro, Wind and Solar, Electricity prices  Sources of information: International Energy Agency, Key World Energy Statistics and Eurostat yearbooks.

3. Country Data: Average Annual GDP Growth (%) The higher GDP growth (around of 9.26%) is recorded for Turkey. Annual growth between 4% and 6%: from Poland (5.31%/year) to Greece (4.48%). Annual GDP growth between 2-4%: the highest – Czech Republic (3.89%) and the lowest – Estonia (2.26%). Growth less than 2%: Spain (1.70%) and complete the list Italy (-0.06%)

4. Country Data: Population Average Annual Growth (%) Luxemburg – 2.13%, Next group – 1.99% - 1.02% - from Iceland to Norway, 3 rd group – Malta (0.98%) Turkey (0.03%) Lowest group: -0.02% (Poland) to -0.59 (Lithuania)

5. Country Data: Total Electricity Consumption (TWh) The higher Total Electricity Consumption growth (around of 14.7%) is recorded for Iceland. Another country with high growth is Turkey - 5.42%. First group is leading by Cyprus with 2.43% and concluding by Norway (0.17%). The last group of countries have negative growth and varies from “-“0.22% for Romania to “-”1.82% for Slovenia.

6. Renewables: Hydro Inland Consumption (1000 TOE) The Highest hydro inland Consumption has Norway. The next countries with high inland consumption are Sweden and France. Countries from Croatia to Turkey have negative growth of consumption.

7. Renewables: Wind Inland Consumption (1000 TOE) Consumption in Germany until 2007 growth very fast and depending on the climatic terms stay at the same level. In Spain consumption growth from around 1300 to 3200. Denmark – consumption changes a little. In remaining countries growth were from around 1 to 600 TOE

8. Renewables: Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Inland Consumption (1000 TOE) In Germany consumption increase from 48-566 TOE. In Spain 2004-2007 the increase was small, from 2007 rapidly growth until 513 TOE. In Italy also at first was small growth then it reach 58 TOE. In remaining countries solar PV inland consumption growth was insignificant.

9. Analyses: Share of Renewable Energy in Gross Final Energy Consumption (%) The highest share was in United Kingdom – 20.11% In first group are countries from Belgium (18.29%) to Italy (11.02%). The next group started from 9.39% (Spain) and ends with 2.16% (Norway). In Finland and Latvia there is small growth. In Croatia the growth is negative – -2.64%

10. Analyses: Average Annual Growth of Electricity Prices for Household (%) Electricity prices most increase in Malta (20.67%). In France growth was only 0.07%. Negative growth of electricity prices has Portugal (-0.30%). Quite increase of prices have countries from Latvia (14.47%) to Austria (7.06%). In other countries growth was from 6.25% (Denmark) to 2.16% (Germany)

11. Analyses: Electricity Prices for Household for 2010 (Euro per kWh) Highest (€ c /kWh): Highest (€ c /kWh): Malta – 16.15 Latvia – 15.97 Greece – 15.89 Lowest (€ c /kWh): Lowest (€ c /kWh): France – 6.75 Slovakia – 6.95Average: 11.8 € c /kWh

12. Conclusions (Summary Table) Region/Country El.cons/GDP, kWh/$ El.cons/pop., kWh/capita Share of RES, % of which Hydro Wind Solar Germany 0.28 6 78112%3%7%1% Belgium 0.33 7 9082%0%1%0% Bulgaria 1.73 4 40111%10%1%0% Czech Republic 0.85 6 1034% 0% Denmark 0.21 6 24820%0%19%0% Estonia 0.99 5 9513%0%2%0% Ireland 0.22 6 02214%3%11%0% Greece 0.37 5 54013%9%4%0% Spain 0.39 6 00426%10%14%2% France 0.33 7 49414%12%2%0% Croatia 0.58 3 70941% 0% Italy 0.29 5 27118%15%2%0% Cyprus 0.42 6 2510% Latvia 0.58 2 87554%53%1%0% Lithuania 0.67 3 4305%4%1%0% Luxembourg 0.27 14 4473%1% 0% Hungary 0.67 3 7731% 0% Malta 0.42 4 4050% Netherlands 0.26 6 8974%0%4%0% Austria 0.30 7 94765%62%3%0% Poland 0.57 3 5913%2%1%0% Portugal 0.41 4 81531%16%15%0% Romania 0.87 2 26732% 0% Slovenia 0.48 6 09638% 0% Slovakia 0.85 4 92616% 0% Finland 0.58 15 24116% 0% Sweden 0.46 14 14152%50%2%0% United Kingdom 0.21 5 6934%1%3%0% Iceland 1.46 51 1790% Norway 0.58 23 558111%110%1%0% Switzerland 0.22 7 96258% 0% FYR Macedonia 1.61 3 46718% 0% Turkey 0.46 2 29623%22%1%0%

13. Conclusions  The highest rate of average yearly growth for solar PV panels’ and wind farms’ electricity production has United Kingdom (20.1%)  Additional 8 countries have the above rates higher than 10% – from 18.3% (Belgium) to 11.0% (Italy)  These rates for another 15 countries are varying between 9.4% and 2.2% (starting from Spain and completing the list by Norway)

14. Conclusions  During 2004-2009 practically all the countries have increased their electricity prices for residential customers  Huge average price growth is recorded for Latvia (14.5% per year)  Greece, Ireland, UK and Czech Republic have growth rates above 10% per year

15. Conclusions  For the remaining countries this indicator is varies from 9.1% (Hungary) to 2.2% (Germany)  Only France stands alone in the number of selected countries with 0.07% of growth of electricity price for residential sector

16. Thank you! Energy Strategy Center of Scientific Research Institute of Energy 5/1 Myasnikyan avenue, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia Phone/Fax: +374-10 559-664 E-mail: piuesc@energinst.am karine.sargsyan@energinst.am