1. Protists
By Vanessa A, Emily A, and Vanessa C

2. What Are Protists?
-organisms that are not plants, animals, or fungi.
-They share characteristics with the organisms in the other kingdoms but differ from them in some way.
Therefore because they do not fit into one of the three Eukaryotic kingdoms, they are all put into the “everything else” which makes Kingdom Protista the most diverse kingdom.
-The three groups of Protists are, Animal-Like, Plant-Like, and Fungus-Like

3. Fungus-like Protists
By: Vanessa Corridore

4. What Are fungus Like Protists?
Fungus like protists are organisms that are similar to fungi.
They live in wet damp environments
Create Spores to reproduce
Come in a variety of shapes and colours depending on the environment
Slime Moulds can travel at a rate of 1/25 inch per hour

5. The Three types of fungus like protists
Plasmodial Slime Moulds: Phylum Myxomycota
Cellular Slime Moulds: Phylum Acrasiomycota
Water Moulds: Phylum Oomycota

6. Plasmodial Slime Moulds

7. Life Cycle:
Stage 1: Large colourful Blob
Stage 2: when food is scarce, the blob will separate into smaller blobs
Stage3: They will form a reproductive stalk and produce spores
Stage 4: These spores will eventually become new slime moulds.
Type Of reproduction: Sexual Reproduction, and Asexual Reproduction producing Spores
Habitat: Forests, dead/decaying waste and organisms, rotting piles of wood, composts, and thick wet lawns. They absorb nutrients from decaying waste and bacteria.
General Physical Structure:
External- Visible blob- like organism. Can look like slugs, Gooey or foamy Masses, and spilled Jelly. They may be bright orange, red, yellow, black, blue, or white.
Internal- eukaryotic, single cellular, nuclei are generally Diploid, one big cell wall surrounds entire organism.

8. Cellular Slime Moulds

9. Life Cycle:
Stage 1: spends most of its life as a amoeba-like cell
Stage 2: When food is scarce, it will send out signals to attract members of the same species. They will then gather together and form a slug-like organism.
Stage 3: This organism will then move to find food. When food is found it stops, absorbs nutrients, and produce asexual ``frutting bodies`` which develop spores
Stage 4: each spore will germinate into single amoeba -like cells
Type of Reproduction: Sexual and asexual
Habitat and diet: Forests, Composts, Dead or decaying material. Their diet consists of bacteria, and fungi from their waste.
General Physical Structure:
External: amoeba-like cell in stage 1 and 4. Slug-like organism in stage 2 and 3. Colour and shape similar to plasmodial slime.
Internal External: eukaryotic, nuclei are generally haploid, Spores produce haploid cells that fuse together during reproduction.

10. Water Moulds

11. Life Cycle:
Stage 1: spends life absorbing nutrients from decaying waste
Stage 2: creates spores to reproduce
Stage 3: hyphae in the spore form sexual structures , eggs and sperm are produced
Stage 4: fertilization occurs and creates more water mould
Types of Reproduction: Sexually, and Asexually
Habitat: Live on dead and decaying matter in with fresh water, upper layers of moist soil
General Physical Structure:
External: look like tiny threads with a hazy covering
internal: eukaryotic, cells are diploid, Spores produce Haploid Cells few are parasites, most are decomposers

12. Fungus – Like Protists Vs Fungi
Similarities:
Spores: small particles that allow the fungus-like Protists to reproduce, similar to a plant seed.
Heterotrophs: cannot make their own food through photosynthesis, need to consume other organisms to survive. (Heterotroph by absorption)
Differences:
Cell Wall/membrane Composition:
lack Chitin, have cellulose insted
They can move! 1/25 inch per hour

13. Summary Type: Description Plasmodial Slime Moulds
Single cell organism with thousands of nuclei. Looks like a colourful blob(s), moves slowly like an amoeba
Cellular Slime Moulds
Single cell-like amoeba. Attracts other cells that gather together to form one large moving slug
Water Moulds
Single cell organism. Looks like white hair like strands on decaying aquatic waste

14. All Fungus- Like Protists
-produce Spores
-Are Heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from decaying organisms
-Can Move
Have Cellulose in their cell walls
-Live in damp wet environments such as forests, swamps, composts, and on dead or decaying organisms.
-Diet consists of Bacteria and other microorganisms
- Play an important role in many forest ecosystems by recycling and decomposing waste
They reproduce both Sexually and Asexually
Come in many different colours, shapes, sizes, and forms depending on their surrounding environment

15. PLANT-LIKE
PROTISTS
Plant Like-Protist Title Page
By: Vanessa Agnelli

16. WHAT ARE PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS?
Mostly autotrophic
Autotrophic: an organism that captures energy sunlight to produce it’s own food
Get their nutrients by performing photosynthesis
Live in the soil, on the barks of trees, in fresh water, and in salt water
Usually reproduce asexually Release their eggs into their environment where the sperm will fertilize the egg
I’m a protist!
Brief Definition of Plant-Like Protists -> Autotrophs
PROTOPHYTA
First plants

17. Phytoplankton: a single-celled, free-floating aquatic
Phytoplankton: a single-celled, free-floating aquatic organism; a form of plant-like protist
Growth depends on availability of carbon dioxide, sunlight, and nutrients
Lifespan of an individual phytoplankton is rarely more than a few days
Under the right conditions, phytoplankton populations can grow explosively  known as the “bloom”

18. Key terms: phytoplankton,

19. PIGMENTATION Phylum pheophyta Phylum rhodophyta Phylum chlorophyta
diatoms
Phylum chlorophyta

20. UNICELLULAR PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS

21. DIATOMS Glass-like cell walls Very small
More than 100,000 different species of diatoms
Used in nanotechnology b/c structure and size

22. DINOFLAGELLATES Reproduces very quickly  leads to “algae blooms”
Has two flagella at right angles to each other  organisms move by spinning through the water
Can live in both marine and fresh-water environments
However, dinoflagellates are not always harmful  ex. they benefit coral reefs
Pigmentation
Red tide: a coastal phenomenon in which dinoflagellates that contain red pigments are so concentrated that the seawater has a distinct red colour

23. EUGLENOIDS
both autotrophs and heterotrophs  makes own food, through photosynthesis when there is enough sunlight but can consume and process nutrients when sunlight is not readily available
have a light-detecting structure called an eyespot and uses it to orient themselves towards light
dinoflagellates

24. Terms to know: Parasite, Pseudopod, Cilium, Flagellum
Animal-like Protists
Terms to know: Parasite, Pseudopod, Cilium, Flagellum
By Emily Anderson

25. Overview Also known as Protozoans
Animal-like protists are heterotrophs
Many are parasitic
Topics to Discuss:
The Cercozoans
The Ciliates
The Flagellates
The Sporozoans

26. The Cercozoans Phylum Cercozoa Can be free-living or parasitic
Found in soil, freshwater and marine habitats
Well-known cercozoan is the ameoba
Pseudopod (“false foot”)
Helps with movement and feeding

27. The Ciliates Phylum Ciliphora Single-celled
Have short, hair-like projections called cilia
Abundant in almost every environment with liquid water
Can be seen by the unaided eye
Have organelles that are parallel in function to the organs of multicellular creatures
Only known human parasite is Balantidium coli (large intestines)

28. Paramecia
Example of a ciliate
Genus Paramecium
Large and complex

29. The Flagellates Phylum Zoomastigina
Have one or more flagella (long hair-like projection) that whip from side to side to help it move
Can be parasitic, free-living, or in mutualistic relationships
Help organisms to digest their food

30. The Sporozoans Phylum Sporozoa Parasites of animals
Sexual and asexual reproduction
Alternate between 2 hosts
Spores (protective capsules)
No cilia, no flagella, no pseudopods

31. Malaria Protists in the Genus Plasmodium cause malaria in humans
Transferred from mosquitos to humans