1. Land And Water Use Part 4

2. URBAN LAND DEVELOPMENT

3. Urban Development Planned Development – 76 million residential buildings and 5 million commercial buildings in the US – Use 1/3 of all energy and 2/3 of all electricity consumed in US

4. Urban Development The Green Approach

5. Urbanization Pros Cons

6. TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE

7. Federal Highway System 160,000 miles of roadway Federal highways receive substantial federal funding but state owned, built, operated Federal highway tax – 18¢ gas tax – 25¢ diesel tax – Tax on heavy vehicles

8. Federal Highway System Benefits Impacts on Environment

9. PUBLIC AND FEDERAL LANDS

10. National Parks 1,100 national parks in world – Largely unprotected due to cost 84 million acres in US – Alaska = 16% of entire system

11. Threats to National Parks

12. Reducing the Threat

13. Relevant Laws National Park Service Act 1916 – Establishes national park service Wild and Scenic Rivers Act 1968 – Ensures protection of river’s unique environment – Preserves select rivers – 4 rivers in NC

14. Wildlife Refuges Developed to protect wildlife during times of crisis Managed by US Fish and Wildlife Service

15. Wetlands High plant productivity High biodiversity 50% of US wetlands have been altered or destroyed – Urbanization – 10% – Agriculture – 90% 1/3 of all endangered species spend part of lifecycle in wetlands

16. Wetlands Types of wetlands – Fen: – Bog: – Marsh: – Swamp:

17. Wetlands Wetland Services

18. LAND CONSERVATION

19. Conservation Options Preservation Remediation Mitigation Restoration

20. Principles in Land Conservation Protect biodiversity, habitats, and function through monitoring Adopt a user pay approach Require responsibility of any user who damages or alters public lands

21. Principles in Land Conservation Reduce road building Rely on more sustainable tree-cutting methods Reduce fragmentation