2. PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 9 Positive Materials Identification Existing Material Identifications Identification Methods Portable Quantitative Analysis Laboratory Quantitative Analysis

3. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Foundry marks are identification marks that are embossed on the exteriors of castings.

4. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Color coding allows easy and rapid identification of metals, but systems can vary by company and location.

5. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Stock materials are often stencil-marked along their lengths for identification.

6. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Welding filler metals are identified by a standard AWS designation that is either stenciled or stamped directly onto the electrode or printed on a paper flag attached to the electrode.

7. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Failure due to improper metal substitution outweighs the cost of implementing supplementary PMI programs.

8. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Metals can be roughly identified and grouped by their characteristic colors.

9. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Many metals can be identified and grouped by their magnetic behavior.

10. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Coating thickness gauges identify unknown metals by comparing readings of unknown metals to readings of known reference metals.

11. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification A metal can be identified by measuring its density with an analytical balance.

12. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Calculated densities can be used to place a metal in one of four groupings.

13. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Spark stream characteristics are compared to spark charts to identify unknown metals.

14. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Spark testing is most often performed on portable grinders, but stationary grinders may also be used.

15. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Characteristic features of spark streams include carrier lines, forks, bursts, and arrowheads.

16. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification The electrographic chemical spot test is the most common chemical spot test.

17. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Triboelectric sorting identifies unknown metals by measuring the voltage generated when two different metals are rubbed together.

18. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Metallographic identification involves examining the microstructures of unknown metals to identify them. Specimen preparation requires grinding, polishing, and etching.

19. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Replication tape is used to produce a replica of an unknown metal when it is impractical to examine the original specimen.

20. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification XRF analysis uses a detector that separates and identifies emitted X rays by either energy levels or energy wavelengths.

21. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification Many EDXA instruments are portable, allowing quantitative field identification.

22. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification WDXA instrumentation is not very portable because of the size of the X-ray generator and its cooling system.

23. Chapter 9 — Positive Materials Identification OES uses the light emitted from an unknown metal surface for identification.