2. Module 5 Learning Modes for Building Character: Utilizing All Research-Based Avenues to Learning

3. There are 5 to 7 Research-Based Avenues To Learning That We Can and Should Use.

4. Unstructured Peer-Group Interaction and Play Vessels Learning Modes Kevin Ryans Learning Modes Kevin Ryans Learning Modes Interpersonal and Environmental Support (Relationships) ETHOS Developmentally Appropriate Discipline & Reinforcement EXPECTATIONS Observation & Modeling EXAMPLE Direct Instruction EXPLANATION Active Experiential Learning in Classroom and School Communities EXPERIENCE Service Learning & Other Learning Experiences in the Larger Community This alignment was created by Dr. Gordon Vessels. Professor Kevin Ryan may or may not agree that his five Es correspond to Dr. Vessels seven modes exactly as shown above. Professor Ryans work precedes Dr. Vessels work by many years, and it is presented here as validation of Dr. Vessels similarly eclectic approach.

5. Vessels Learning Modes Validating Theorists Interpersonal and Environmental Support Rogers, Damon, Baumrind, Knowles, Benson, Piaget, Kagan, Havighurst, DeVries, Erikson, Vygotsky Unstructured Peer-Group Interaction and Play Developmentally Appropriate Discipline & Reinforcement Skinner, Knowles, Damon, Havighurst, Baumrind, Aristotle, Hoffman Observation & Modeling Didactics or Direct Instruction Kohlberg, Shweder, Norman, Ausubel, Damon, Kohler, Miller, Durkheim, Gardner, Vygotsky, Knowles, Baumrind, Aristotle Active Participation Within Classroom and School Communities Piaget, Dewey, Bruner, Turiel, Nucci, Lave, Damon, Erikson, Socrates, Vygotsky, Knowles, Kohlberg, DeVries, Schaps Lave, Rogers, Durkheim, Bandura, Benson, Shweder Piaget, Vygotsky, DeVries, Lave, Turiel Bandura, Gagne, Vygotsky, Mischel, Rotter, Kohlberg Service Learning & Other Learning Experiences in the Larger Community This alignment was created by Dr. Gordon Vessels. The theorists shown above and/or experts who know their work well may not agree that the work of these individuals supports the learning modes with which they are aligned and/or that their work is limited to a particular learning mode.

6. Vessels Explicit Learning Modes Learning Modes Inferred from Benson Interpersonal and Environmental Support Family, neighborhood, school, and adult support; parents involved in school; youth valued in the community Unstructured Peer-Group Interaction and Play Developmentally Appropriate Discipline & Reinforcement Family, neighborhood, school boundaries; high expectations from parents and teachers; youth valued in community Observation & Modeling Parents, peers, and other adults modeling responsible behavior Didactics or Direct Instruction Values articulated by adults and discussed; community focus on shared values Active Participation Within Classroom and School Communities Creative activities and youth programs provided by the school or school system Activities and programs provided by secular and religious organizations; community service Service Learning & Other Learning Experiences in the Larger Community Inferences with respect to the Search Institutes methodology are those of Dr. Gordon Vessels and may require correction based on feedback. The alignment is also Dr. Vessels work and is intended to give credit to the Search Institute for using all avenues to learning.

7. Vessels Explicit Learning Modes Learning Modes Used by the DSC Interpersonal and Environmental Support Emphasis on building caring teacher-student relations and caring democratic communities Unstructured Peer-Group Interaction and Play Developmentally Appropriate Discipline & Reinforcement Helping students recognize the harmful effects of their actions and encouraging them to repair the damage they have caused Observation & Modeling Use of cross-grade buddie activities with year-long pairing of students; emphasis on teaching by example Didactics or Direct Instruction Direct teaching of social understanding (attitudes, skills, values); use of literature to teach thinking and caring Active Participation Within Classroom and School Communities Participation in class decision making; cooperative learning; opportunities to help others Helping opportunities that extend outside the school; learning about families and cultures of the students Service Learning & Other Learning Experiences in the Larger Community Inferences with respect to the methodology of the DSCs Child Development Project are those of Dr. Gordon Vessels and may require correction based on feedback. The alignment is also Dr. Vessels work and is intended to give credit to this program for using all avenues to learning.

8. INTERPERSONAL-ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORT UNSTRUCTURED PEER-GROUP INTERACTION AND PLAY DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE DISCIPLINE & REINFORCEMENT OBSERVATION AND MODELING DIRECT INSTRUCTION ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN CLASS AND SCHOOL COMMUNITIES REAL-WORLD EXPERIENCES IN THE LARGER COMMUNITY literature; storytelling; visual displays; social skills instruction; multicultural teaching; virtue of the week or month; school behavior codes and pledges; teaching parenting K-12; high- school ethics courses; character infusion across the curriculum recess at school; free play with siblings, neighborhood children, and with unfamiliar children at recreational sites; socializing during school lunchtime; overnight visits with friends; parties with friends; center time in K-2 classrooms; camps rule making; cooperative learning; class meetings; class-to- class intercultural exchanges; interpersonal problem solving; sociodrama; student discipline panels; student government; class captains; extracurricular activities; creative arts activities direct and indirect exposure to "giraffes" or heroes; cross-grade tutors and buddies; teaching artists; teachers and parents modeling virtues and doing volunteer work; "family heritage museums" and "grandparents gatherings"; adult mentoring teacher and parent initiated service learning; organized sports; teen court work; cultural festivals; vacations; scouting; Internet exploration; movies and plays; visiting museums; church attendance; cross-cultural church attendance; free reading caring and "authoritative" principals, teachers, and parents; caring and democratic classrooms and schools; community support for parents to be; school restructuring ideas that build community like looping; a new-student welcoming committee increasing positive interactions with students; classroom management based on mutual respect and building intrinsic motivation; a new type of grading system; "critical contracts"; self-improvement projects; awards for model citizenship SEVEN LEARNING MODES Developed by Gordon Vessels © INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES