2. Module 3 Four Types of Character Education Supporting by Philosophical and Scientific Theories

3. AUTONOMY FOCUS on INDIVIDUAL Prudential Education Social Education Cultural Education Moral Education Moral Education HETERONOMY FOCUS on COMMUNITY Human Nature Good Human Nature Bad Civic Education These types of education that constitute character education when combined were drawn from Moral Education for Americans by Robert Heslep and published by Praeger in 1995

4. FOCUS ON AUTONOMY FOCUS on INDIVIDUAL Personal- Values Centered Personal- Values Centered Reciprocal- Relationship Centered Reciprocal- Relationship Centered Universal- Principles Centered Universal- Principles Centered FOCUS ON HETERONOMY FOCUS on COMMUNITY Human Nature Good Human Nature Bad Responsible- Citizenship Centered Responsible- Citizenship Centered Developed by Gordon Vessels ©

5. FOCUS ON AUTONOMY FOCUS on INDIVIDUAL & BELIEFS A Morality of Contemplation Free Choice Conation A Morality of Consonance Cooperation Conscience A Morality of Conviction Inculcation Commitment A Morality of Comradery Conformity Connection PROCESS-ORIENTED PROGRESSIVES CONTENT-ORIENTED TRADITIONALISTS FOCUS ON HETERONOMY FOCUS on COMMUNITY & SCIENCE Human Nature Good Human Nature Bad Developed by Gordon Vessels ©

6. FOCUS ON AUTONOMY FOCUS on INDIVIDUAL & BELIEFS Freedom Creativity Competition Self-Regulation Freedom Creativity Competition Self-Regulation Maturation Facilitation Cooperation Participation Maturation Facilitation Cooperation Participation Motivation Inspiration Habituation Indoctrination Motivation Inspiration Habituation Indoctrination Progressive Methods and Outcomes Traditional Methods and Outcomes FOCUS ON HETERONOMY FOCUS on COMMUNITY & SCIENCE Human Nature Good Human Nature Bad Obligation Inculcation Socialization Transmission Obligation Inculcation Socialization Transmission Developed by Gordon Vessels ©

7. FOCUS ON AUTONOMY FOCUS on INDIVIDUAL & BELIEFS Political Philosophy Liberal Arts Creative Arts Political Philosophy Liberal Arts Creative Arts Social Psychology Psychobiology Psychology Social Psychology Psychobiology Psychology Moral Philosophy Theology History; Ethics Moral Philosophy Theology History; Ethics PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION TRADITIONAL EDUCATION FOCUS ON HETERONOMY FOCUS on COMMUNITY & SCIENCE Human Nature Good Human Nature Bad Sociology Cultural Anthropology Political Science Sociology Cultural Anthropology Political Science Developed by Gordon Vessels ©

8. FOCUS ON AUTONOMY FOCUS on INDIVIDUAL & BELIEFS Study, and Philosophical Descriptors FOCUS ON HETERONOMY FOCUS on COMMUNITY & SCIENCE Human Nature Good Human Nature Bad Sectarianism Virtue Ethicism Moral Dogmatism Moral Objectivism Moral Determinism Moral Universalism Moral Authoritarianism Moral Foundationalism Sectarianism Virtue Ethicism Moral Dogmatism Moral Objectivism Moral Determinism Moral Universalism Moral Authoritarianism Moral Foundationalism Collectivism Civic-Liberal and Post-Liberal Communitarianism Moral Socialization Teleological Ethicism Contractarian Ethicism Act & Rule Utilitarianism Collectivism Civic-Liberal and Post-Liberal Communitarianism Moral Socialization Teleological Ethicism Contractarian Ethicism Act & Rule Utilitarianism Related Philosophies, Types of Scientific Liberalism Individualism Eudaimonism Libertarianism Ethical Egoism Moral Emotivism Moral Subjectivism Rights-Based Ethicism Liberalism Individualism Eudaimonism Libertarianism Ethical Egoism Moral Emotivism Moral Subjectivism Rights-Based Ethicism Moral Agency Civic-Liberalism Social Liberalism Social Constructivism Rational Utilitarianism Deontological Ethicism Affective and Cognitive Developmentalism Developed by Gordon Vessels ©

9. FOCUS ON AUTONOMY FOCUS on INDIVIDUAL & BELIEFS Epicurus Socrates Protagoras Benedict Spinoza Friedrich Nietzsche Jean-Jacques Rousseau J. Paul Sarte; John Locke Isaiah Berlin; John Rawls Adam Smith; Ann Rand John Stuart Mill; Alfie Kohn Theodore Sizer Mencius Rene Descartes Immanuel Kant Henry Giroux; David Hume W.D. Ross; William James John Wilson; Elliot Turiel; Josiah Royce; John Dewey Martin Hoffman; Paulo Freire Jean Piaget; Jerome Kagan Lawrence Kohlberg; William Damon; Erik Erikson Aristotle Plato; Confucius St. Thomas Aquinas Christina Hoff Sommers Kevin Ryan; E.D. Hirsch Stanley Hauerwas Thomas Lickona William Kilpatrick Arthur Schwartz Thomas Green; Ed Wynne William Bennett; Allan Bloom Georg W. Hegel Emile Durkheim Cicero; Epictetus Jeremy Bentham Alasdair MacIntyre Lawrence Kohlberg Alexis de Tocqueville Thomas Hobbes; S. Freud James Q. Wilson; Karl Marx Jean Elshtain; Robert Taylor Amitai Etzioni; Peter Benson Associated Philosophers and Scientific Theorists FOCUS ON HETERONOMY FOCUS on COMMUNITY & SCIENCE Human Nature Good Human Nature Bad The quadrant placements of these theorists and advocates for character-building were made by Dr. Gordon Vessels based on his current and limited understanding of their work. Further study and/or feedback from those still living and other experts could reveal misplacements, which will be corrected.

10. FOCUS ON AUTONOMY FOCUS on INDIVIDUAL & BELIEFS Aristotle Plato; Confucius St. Thomas Aquinas Christina Hoff Sommers Kevin Ryan; E.D. Hirsch Stanley Hauerwas Thomas Lickona; Ed Wynne William Kilpatrick Arthur Schwartz Thomas Green; Allan Bloom William Bennett FOCUS ON HETERONOMY FOCUS on COMMUNITY & SCIENCE Georg W. Hegel Emile Durkheim Cicero; Epictetus Alexis de Tocqueville Jeremy Bentham Jean Elshtain; Robert Taylor Thomas Hobbes; S. Freud Alasdair MacIntyre James Q. Wilson; Karl Marx Lawrence Kohlberg Amitai Etzioni; Peter Benson Mencius Rene Descartes Henry Giroux; Elliot Turiel; John Wilson; David Hume T. Jefferson; William James Immanuel Kant; W.D. Ross Josiah Royce; G. H. Mead; John Dewey; Martin Hoffman Jean Piaget; Jerome Kagan Lawrence Kohlberg; William Damon; Erik Erikson Mencius Rene Descartes Henry Giroux; Elliot Turiel; John Wilson; David Hume T. Jefferson; William James Immanuel Kant; W.D. Ross Josiah Royce; G. H. Mead; John Dewey; Martin Hoffman Jean Piaget; Jerome Kagan Lawrence Kohlberg; William Damon; Erik Erikson Epicurus Socrates Protagoras Benedict Spinoza Friedrich Nietzsche Jean-Jacques Rousseau J. Paul Sarte; John Locke Isaiah Berlin; John Rawls Adam Smith; John S. Mill; Paulo Freire; Ann Rand; Theodore Sizer; Alfie Kohn Aristotle Confucius Martin Hoffman Howard Kirschenbaum Marvin Berkowitz William Damon Philip Vincent Robert Heslep John Dewey David Hume The quadrant and circle placements of these theorists and advocates for character-building were made by Dr. Gordon Vessels based on his current and limited understanding of their work. Further study and/or feedback from those still living and other experts could reveal misplacements, which will be corrected.