1. Lesson 1

3. An Understanding of the causal factors involved in excessive drinking by students could lead to their more effective treatment. We could more effectively treat students who drink too much if we understood why they do.

4. bereaucratese, legalese, academese 450 years of unreadable writing in law, medicine, social science, science, textbooks, etc. Anti-democratic Makes readers struggle, feel dumb, and/or give up Hurts exchange of ideas and pursuit of knowledge

5. Writers pump up prose to impress readers (especially when we dont know what we are talking about) Writers focus more on avoiding grammar errors than exploring their ideas and explaining them clearly for a reader

6. Writers are unfamiliar with the topic/writing setting It seems clear to the writer We are imitating unclear style because unclear sounds complex and deep to us (because we dont fully understand it and so assume it is smart)

7. Dont worry about style principles as you draft. All first draft sentences are vague and unclear in part because the ideas are still vague and unclear to the writer. Style is revision. As the ideas take shape and become more clear to YOU, you can work on expressing the ideas clearly for your reader.