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Integrated Disability Management Focus on Depression and Obesity
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Today’s Program Obesity Depression Integrated Approach
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Obesity Defined Abnormal accumulation of body fat Usually 20% + over ideal body weight Hyperplastic (new fat cells – onset childhood) Hypertrophic (onset adulthood)
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Obesity Continuum 20% - 40% over ideal weight = Mild 40% - 100% over ideal weight = Moderate More than 100% over ideal = severe or morbidly obese
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Causes of Obesity Basic premise: more calories consumed than burned by body Genetic Factors Eating Habits Physical Activity / Inactivity Medications Mental Health Medical Condition
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Medical Conditions & Disorders Endocrine Disorder - Cushing’s Syndrome (excessive cortisol release) Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) Neurologic (damaged hypothalumus which regulates appetite)
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Medication Effects Steroids – weight gain, bloating, hunger… Anti-depressants - dry mouth, weight gain, headache, nausea…
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Psychological Disorders Depression - Low self-esteem - Lethargy - Low energy - Inactivity
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Risks or Results of Obesity Hypertension Type II D Mellitus Coronary / Cardiac Disease Infertility Stroke, asthma, apnea Ortho / Arthritis Menstrual Abnormal Shortness of Breath
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Cancer & Obesity Prostate Kidney Uterus Breast Liver Pancreas Esophagus Colon and Rectum
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Obesity on the Rise 1988 – 1994 56% Overweight 23% Obese 1999 – 2000 64% Overweight 30% Obese
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FDA Obesity Working Group February 2004 Obesity has no single cause, “there will be no single solution; obesity will be brought under control as a result of numerous coordinated, complimentary efforts from a variety of sectors of society”
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Culture Bound Statistics 50% African American Women 80% American Indian Adults Pacific Islanders highest prevalence
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Reversal of Life Expectancy Trend (i.e. shortened) Already 1/3 to ¾ of a year shorter than if maintain ideal body weight In coming decades could be reduced 2 to 5 years Since 1980 U.S. adult obesity up 50% (i.e. 2/3 overweight or obese)
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Sample Population U.S. Veterans 73% men overweight 33% men obese General Population 67% men overweight 27% men obese
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Depression Defined… Mental illness characterized by a profound and persistent feeling of sadness or despair and / or a loss of interest in things that were once pleasurable….
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Two Main Types Major Depressive Disorder - Moderate to severe depression 2+weeks - Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed - Concentration, worthless, hopeless, etc…
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Two Main Types Dysthymic Disorder - Chronic, underlying depressed mood & affect - Mild to moderate depression - Lasts 2+ years, w/ average duration 16 years
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Associated Symptomatology Major Depressive Disorder Sign. change in weight Insomnia / hypersomnia Agitation / retardation Fatigue / loss of energy Worthlessness / guilt Diminished thinking Poor concentration Thoughts of death / suicide
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Associated Symptomatology Dysthymic Disorder Under / over eating Insomnia / hypersomnia Low energy or fatigue Low self-esteem Poor concentration Feelings of hopelessness
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Related Statistics Depression affects est. 17 million annually Indirect cost of $53 billion (human suffering costs immeasurable) First episode usually in mid-20s (though all ages from children to elderly) 25% of women experience a severe episode during life, compared to 5-10% for men
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Causes of Depression Complex and not well understood Imbalance of neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine…) Heredity (3x chance of developing if family member is depressed) External stressors & significant life changes (trauma, loss of loved one, divorce)
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Causes of Depression Physical changes - stroke, heart attack, cancer, hormonal changes Change of life patterns – serious loss, difficult relationship, financial problems * very likely a combination of genetic, psychological and environmental factors*
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With that said, What’s next? Differential Diagnosis Corroboration of evidence / data Formulate treatment / wellness plan (“multi- modal +” approach) Big picture, don’t get mired down in details, but don’t overlook them either
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Differential Diagnosis Axis I: Clinical Mental Disorders Axis II: Personality Pathology Axis III: Medical Factors Axis IV: Stressors Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning
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Treatment Focus Psychological – complete psycho-social, “talk” therapy, cognitive behavioral, realign worldview / perspective Psychiatric – prominent symptom management, scrutinize medication schedule Medical – maintenance, control and rehabilitation of conditions and disorders Behavioral change – level of activity, eating habits
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Issues that deserve further consideration Co-morbidity: depression and obesity Rx alone insufficient – must change quick fix mindset Future Impact: Generation of youth growing up heavy, exponentially increasing probability for future pathology
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Questions & Case Discussion? Dynamic Claims Solutions, Inc.
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Thank you! Peter R Reilly Director – Injury Analysis & Training Dynamic Claims Solutions 800.630.8606 www.dynamicclaimssolutions.com
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