2. I. Minerals and Rocks

3. A. Early Earth 1. Early surface was a violent place
2. Full of molten lava and no atmosphere; it
took time for Earth to cool and appear as it does now.
3. As surface cooled, patches of solid minerals began to form.
4. These lightweight minerals formed the first rocks.

4. A. Minerals All rocks composed of minerals
Mineral-natural, inorganic solid
Inorganic – was never alive
Usually composed of crystals
95% rocks made up of minerals

5. B. 3 Types of Rocks Rocks – a group of minerals bound together.
Igneous - Most of Earth’s crust is made of igneous rock
Sedimentary - The most common rock in uppermost portion of Earth’s crust
Metamorphic – near volcanoes and plate boundaries

6. C. Igneous Rock Rock formed from cooled and hardened magma or lava
Two Types
Extrusive – cools quickly on Earth’s surface
Usually out of volcano or crack in Earth’s surface
Intrusive – cools slowly while trapped beneath Earth’s surface
The surrounding hard rock acts like a blanket, allowing it to cool slowly
Lava cools quickly – few crystals
Magma cools slowly – lots of crystals

7. Igneous Rocks

8. What type of igneous is pictured below?

9. C.Igneous rocks cont. Basalt – extrusive Obsidian - extrusive
Granite – intrusive*

10. Igneous movie

11. D. Sedimentary Rocks Rocks broken down by weathering and erosion
Pieces accumulate and are compressed and cemented together to form sedimentary rock
Pieces can contain fossils (plant or animal) **ONLY ONES!!
Sediment must be compressed or cemented together.

12. E. Sedimentary Formed in 2 ways
1. Rocks made of broken pieces (clasts) of other rocks.
Pieces of rock appear to be glued together.
2. Pieces/fine grains brought together by:
a. Compaction - is a process that squeezes, or compacts sediments.
b. Cementation -takes place when sediments are glued together by tiny minerals.

15. F. Common sedimentary rocks
Conglomerate – pebbles glued together
Sandstone - sand
Mudstone - mud
Shale – mudstone that breaks apart into
layers
Limestone – fossils from sea

17. G. Metamorphic rock
Metamorphic – preexisting rocks that are transformed by high temperature and/or pressure; their properties change.
Metamorphism often gives rock a distinctive banding pattern
Their unique colors and patterns make them ideal for sculptures.

18. G. Metamorphic cont. 3. Formed in 2 ways:
a. heat alone caused by hot magma of igneous intrusions.
b. both heat and pressure: can occur over entire region
4. Rock undergoes chemical change over millions of years without melting
5. Fossils are destroyed by heat and pressure.

20. What type of metamorphism?

21. What type of metamorphism?

22. H. Common Metamorphic rocks
Marble –comes from limestone
Slate – comes from shale

23. Metamorphic rock

25. I. Rock cycle
Explains the sequence of events in which rocks are weathered, melted, altered, and formed.
Geological processes of the earth’s crust recycling one type of rock into another.
Rock formation occurs SLOWLY, often over thousands of years.

27. SEDIMENTARY ROCK SEDIMENT = SAND METAMORPHIC ROCK IGNEOUS ROCKS
Magma
Cools and hardens
Weather and Erosion
Compaction and Cementation
Heat and Pressure
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
SEDIMENT = SAND
METAMORPHIC ROCK
IGNEOUS ROCKS
MELTING

28. Convection currents

29. Granite cliffs

31. Devils tower

32. Importance of Rocks and Minerals

33. Metamorphic movie

34. Rock Cycle movie