2. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 1 Some Aspects of 3D… in Depth! Single-Source Stereo and Microstereoscopic 3D Mark Schubin, SchubinCafe.com PLEASE VIEW IN SLIDE SHOW MODE TO ACTIVATE AUDIO PLEASE VIEW IN SLIDE SHOW MODE TO ACTIVATE AUDIO

3. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 2 2X equipment & signals + 2X equipment & signals + Additional personnel Additional personnel convergence per pair convergence per pair stereographer stereographer Additional processing Additional processing correct, match, format correct, match, format Graphics z-axis depth Graphics z-axis depth Distribution resolution Distribution resolution Monitoring challenges Monitoring challenges 3D Challenges Pre-Viewer Sony brochures Pace rig NEP SS-3D (6 of 16 seats)

4. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 3 3 3D Viewer Challenges Limited 3DTV penetration Limited 3DTV penetration need for separate coverage? need for separate coverage? Glasses Glasses cost, batteries, maintenance cost, batteries, maintenance Compatibility w/2D viewing Compatibility w/2D viewing need for 2D glasses? need for 2D glasses? Perceptual conflicts Perceptual conflicts stereovisual-vestibular stereovisual-vestibular distance-based distance-based Pace-FujinonShadow Sony 3DTV at CES 2009 simulatorsickness

5. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 4 Motion Motion what just happened? Sound Sound whats she saying? Color Color red dress? army green? HD HD earring or blood? 3D 3D depth information? or just depth sensation? What Is 3D?

6. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 5 Theory of Two-Lens Stereoscopy acquisitionpresentation 3D = height,width,depth screen

7. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 6 Other 3 Stereo Dimensions pupillary distance 40-80 mm (down to 5-year-olds) screen size ~ 3 cm to 30 m viewing distance vast range of vergence-based distance for same 3D master

8. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 7 Infinite Distance* Normal: Normal: parallel views Reduced: Reduced: converging views Expanded: Expanded: diverging views *in visual terms, infinite distance starts at as little as 6 m not normal!

9. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 8 http://www.nds.com/pdfs/3DTV-DoesSizeMatter_IBC2010Award.pdf IBC 2010 Best Paper Award Does Size Matter? NDS authors

10. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 9 Vergence-Accommodation Conflict from Prof. Martin Banks, Visual Space Perception Lab University of California – Berkeley 3.2 meters (10.5 feet) ok to + 3.2 meters (10.5 feet) ok to +

11. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 10 Countering V-A Conflict In-Three 3D in the Home http://www.in-three.com/3DintheHomev2.html

12. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 11 Miniaturization Elan Valley Miniature (tilt-shift technique based on blur) http://www.flickr.com/photos/frosted_peppercorn/481102393/ 2D eft-eye left-eyeview right-eyeview Image position relatively easy to change; image content much harder to change

13. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 12 Ghosting (Crosstalk) Glasses Glasses Display Display Synchronization Synchronization Viewing Angle Viewing Angle Orientation Orientation Inability to fuse Inability to fuse shot through active-shutter glasses for Gizmodo 3DTV review http://gizmodo.com/5501900/the-best-3dtv-samsung-un55c7000-vs-panasonic-tc+p50vt20

14. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 13 Spatial Resolution photos by Peter Fasciano

15. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 14 Anaglyph Challenges Inexpensive glasses Inexpensive glasses Any TV Any TV Any color TV distribution Any color TV distribution Full resolution Full resolutionBut Strong ghosting Strong ghosting Poor color rendition Poor color rendition Eye rivalry Eye rivalry Light loss Light loss Display adjustment Display adjustment TrioScopics ColorCode 3-D

16. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 15 Why Not Anaglyph? even inexpensive glasses pass & reject as desired Ghosting in Anaglyphic Stereoscopic Images Andrew J. Woods & Tegan Rourke Centre for Marine Science & Technology, Curtin University of Technology http://cmst.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/pubs/2004-08.pdf but displays dont match

17. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 16 Cue Significance S. Nagata, 1991 J. Cutting & P. Vishton, 1995

18. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 17 The Elusive Grail Can there be a 3D system with no ghosting no ghosting no V-A conflict or shrinking no V-A conflict or shrinking 2D-viewer compatibility 2D-viewer compatibility no extra personnel no extra personnel one lens & camera/position one lens & camera/position one signal path/recording one signal path/recording full resolution full resolution inexpensive glasses inexpensive glasses for all TVs & distribution? for all TVs & distribution?

19. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 18 Alternatives to Twin-Lens 3D Less Than Fully Stereoscopic Less Than Fully Stereoscopic e.g., choromostereoscopic, Pulfrich e.g., choromostereoscopic, Pulfrich 2D-to-3D Conversion 2D-to-3D Conversion frame-by-frame, auto+assist, live frame-by-frame, auto+assist, live Virtual 3D Cameras Virtual 3D Cameras second VC per position second VC per position Single-Lens Stereoscopic Single-Lens Stereoscopic Sony TDG, ISee3D, etc. Sony TDG, ISee3D, etc. ISee3Dshuttering BBC R&D White Paper 180

20. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 19 Chromostereopsis Eye lens focuses one color Eye lens focuses one color red seems in front of blue red seems in front of blue Real-world often matches Real-world often matches front: people, animals front: people, animals back: green trees, blue skies easy animation easy animation ChromaDepth glasses ChromaDepth glasses prism-based color shift prism-based color shift portion of Apparatus to Talk to Aliens, Akiyoshi Kitaoka, Ritsumeikan U.

21. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 20 Pulfrich Illusion One eye darkened One eye darkened dark eye sees what was dark eye sees what was clear eye sees what is clear eye sees what is Choreography crucial Choreography crucial carousel ideal carousel ideal Rolling Stones Steel Wheels tour – good Rolling Stones Steel Wheels tour – good Super Bowl half-time – bad

22. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 21 View Shifting Wiggle-Vision Wiggle-Vision 3D for the one-eyed 3D for the one-eyed Constant motion Constant motion if not subtle, annoying if not subtle, annoying if subtle, near invisible if subtle, near invisible V3 iris-shifting lens adaptor V3 iris-shifting lens adaptor widely used, very subtle widely used, very subtle see for yourself: http://www.inv3.com/examples_section.html see for yourself: http://www.inv3.com/examples_section.html http://www.inv3.com/examples_section.html

23. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 22 Less Than Full Stereoscopy in Use New York Times, April 22, 1980 enhanced chromostereopsis (ChromaDepth) – VH1 Pulfrich - Discovery micro- stereopsis – Nine TV Sydney (TrioScopics shown) view- shift – CBS

24. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 23 Virtual-Camera S3D Imec above, BBC Research White Paper 180 similar

25. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 24 Origins of Stereoscopy 1833 Wheatstone 1833 Wheatstone adjustable distance adjustable distance 1849 Brewster 1849 Brewster lenticular (lensed) lenticular (lensed) 1851 Holmes 1851 Holmes adjustable prismatic lenticular adjustable prismatic lenticular

26. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 25 The Other Stereo Scientific American, December 31, 1881 A-B Stereo (Spaced Omnis) BIG sensation difference BIG sensation difference Unnatural Unnatural Poor mono compatibility Poor mono compatibility distance >>human head width remember ping-pong stereo? Binauricular Auduition compared to stereoscope

27. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 26 Single-Source Stereo X-Y, M-S, Dummy Head coincident stereo techniques consumer, too

28. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 27 Narrow-Separation Listening EmbracingSound speaker system common professional Wohler stereo monitoring Philips HTS7140 3D Blu-ray home theatre with surround-sound bar

29. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 28 Visual Stereoacuity Stereoacuity at Distance and Near, Wong, Woods, & Peli http://www.eri.harvard.edu/faculty/peli/posters/optometry/AAO2000_poster.pdf Binocular Vision and Stereopsis, Howard & Rogers, 1996 10 arcsecond stereoacuity ~ 1/6 of a pixel at optimum (6/6, 20/20) viewing angle

30. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 29 Limited Stereopsis reference: Canon XJ22x7.3 compact studio lens 165 mm wide box Canon 3D lens, shown on XL1 DXG-321 much narrower than pupillary distance Sharp 3D module Hammacher-Schlemmer Panasonic VW-CLT1 3D conversion lens (outer width 58 mm) lens adaptor

31. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 30 3ality Demo at 2010 DCS photo by Mark Forman http://screeningroom.com/ http://screeningroom.com/

32. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 31 Microstereopsis Term coined by Mel Siegel, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, and co-authors of papers Kinder Gentler Stereo, and Just Enough Reality: Comfortable 3D Viewing via Microstereopsis Term coined by Mel Siegel, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, and co-authors of papers Kinder Gentler Stereo, and Just Enough Reality: Comfortable 3D Viewing via Microstereopsis (Proc. SPIE, 1999) Intended as a solution to simulator sickness Intended as a solution to simulator sickness Concept much older (as will be seen) Concept much older (as will be seen) Not likely to be confused with microstereoscopy, term used for 3D microscopy Not likely to be confused with microstereoscopy, term used for 3D microscopy

33. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 32 Microstereopsis CES 2009 no-glasses2D-compatible (no double images) 1979: D.O.T.S. NL (Beiser US; 1970: Songer) Nine TV Sydney in focus: normal in focus: normal too close: LG, RM too close: LG, RM too far: LM, RG too far: LM, RG one camera one camera ISee3D alternate-shuttered version Sony Technology Development Group

34. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 33 Successfully broadcast Successfully broadcast Patents have expired Patents have expired One ordinary lens/position* One ordinary lens/position* Single-camera/position* Single-camera/position* 3D display ok for 2D viewing 3D display ok for 2D viewing Ghosting not an issue Ghosting not an issue V-A conflict not an issue V-A conflict not an issue * depends somewhat on system Microstereopsis

35. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 34 Successfully broadcast Successfully broadcast Patents have expired Patents have expired One ordinary lens/position* One ordinary lens/position* Single-camera/position* Single-camera/position* 3D display ok for 2D viewing 3D display ok for 2D viewing Ghosting not an issue Ghosting not an issue V-A conflict not an issue V-A conflict not an issue * depends somewhat on system Microstereopsis

36. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 35 Successfully broadcast Successfully broadcast Patents have expired Patents have expired One ordinary lens/position* One ordinary lens/position* Single-camera/position* Single-camera/position* 3D display ok for 2D viewing 3D display ok for 2D viewing Ghosting not an issue Ghosting not an issue V-A conflict not an issue V-A conflict not an issue * depends somewhat on system Microstereopsis ?

37. Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 36 More at SchubinCafe.com Thanks to All-Mobile Video for 3D production and transmission facilities