1. Why do we need food?

2. Food Type Use Carbohydrate Fat Protein Long term energy Fast energy
Protecting organs and long term energy store
Making muscle, enzymes, skin, hair
Brainstorm 4 main food types and where they come from
Fat and protein meat, fish
Sugars fruit, sweet things
Crbs from pasta, potatoes etc

3. Food tests Food type Test Protein Sugar Fat Carbohydrate
Biuret turns purple if protein is present
Benedicts turns from blue to red/brown if sugar is present
Greaseproof paper gets an oily residue
Iodine turns blue/black if starch is present
KOH and CuSO4 Biuret
Expt H/O whats in our foodtest a variety of foods

4. The Digestive System Buccal cavity Oesophagus Stomach Small Intestine
(Breaking food down into smaller pieces)
Buccal cavity
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Liver
Large Intestine
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Rectum
Anus
H/O anticipation guide digestion and absorption
H/O vocab square digestion
H/O game structure of digestive system
Stretch out person until intestine is straight they are 8m long, HORSE 30M! shine torch
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorbtion
Egestion

5. Mouth (mechanical breakdown) Teeth Incisors used for cutting Tongue
Canines used for stabbing and holding
Molars large surface area used for grinding
Tongue
used for muscular activities
and sensing the taste of food
Masseter muscle zygomatic arch, cranial ridge = carnivore
Herbivore – diastema plate for incisors to press against
Epiglotis prevents food going down the wrong way

6. Salivary Glands Produce saliva Three pairs
Prevents bacterial infection
Lubrication
Contains salivary amylase
Breaks down starch
Three pairs
Parotid: Largest
Submandibular
Sublingual: Smallest

7. Oesophagus Approximately 25cm long
Moves food from the throat to the stomach
Muscle movement called peristalsis
If acid from the stomach gets in here that’s heartburn.
A good way to describe peristalsis is an ocean wave moving through the muscle.
These diagrams don’t separate the esophagus from the mouth functions, you might want to talk about what happens in the mouth too.

8. Stomach Stores the food you eat
Chemically breaks it down into tiny pieces
Mixes food with digestive juices
Acid in the stomach kills bacteria
The stomach takes around 4 hours to do it’s job on the food, depending on what kinds of food are digested.
Digestive juices HCL and pepsin (protein breakdown)

9. Small Intestine Small intestines are roughly 6 metres long.
Enzymes and bile are added.
Villi increase the surface area to help absorbtion.
Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls.
Enzymes breakdown large molecules.
Villi look like little fingers
Blood system is in close proximity to carry nutrients away around the rest of the body

10. Liver Directly affects digestion by producing bile
Bile is an enzyme that helps dissolve fat
Processes nutrients in the blood, filters out toxins and waste.
Is often called the body’s energy factory
Livers can regenerate missing pieces if necessary. Is one of the largest organs in the body.

11. Gall Bladder Stores bile from the liver
Delivers bile when food is digested
Fatty diets can cause gallstones
Explain to students that removing the stones typically means removing the gallbladder, but that the body eventually adjusts to not having the bile stored.

12. Pancreas Produces compounds to digest fats and proteins
Neutralizes acids that enter small intestine
Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin
Explain the difference between the two types of diabetes. In type 1, the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. In type 2, the body stops responding properly to the insulin it creates.
Enzymes for breakdown of protein, cbh, sugar

13. Large Intestine About 1.5 metres long
Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb.
Absorbs water and minerals from the waste matter.
Absorption means taking into the body via the blood stream.
Depending on the maturity of the group, you can talk about the feces leaving via the anus.
Mention the appendix at the bottom of the ascending colon and that it might have been used long ago but is not today
Mention the portions of the large intestine, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, and rectum (last one if the audience is mature enough)

14. Rectum and Anus Rectum Anus About 15cm long
Stores waste before egestion.
Anus
Muscular ring that controls egestion.
H/O game word play