1. Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft From Hadron Physics to the Precision Frontier A Very Short Introduction August 6, 2012 | Hans Ströher (Forschungszentrum Jülich) GGSWBS´12 (Tbilisi, August 6 – 10, 2012)

2. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 2 Introduction – Structure of Matter The different layers of matter constituents

3. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 3 Introduction – Structure of Matter A definition of hadron physics Hadron physics is the part of structure-of-matter physics that deals with strongly interacting particles at the level of quarks and gluons

4. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 4 Introduction – Standard Model (I) The new Periodic Table: matter building blocks and force carriers

5. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 5 Introduction – Standard Model (II) Last missing piece: Higgs-boson (most probably discovered at CERN)

6. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 6 Introduction – Ordinary Matter Atom Nucleus … is comprised of electrons and u-, d-quarks

7. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 7 Introduction – Ordinary Matter The diversity of manifestations of matter Limited by radioactivity Chemical elements (Periodic Table) Chart of Nuclide

8. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 8 Introduction – Non-ordinary Matter … (particles) is (are) produced in energetic collisions Cosmic rays

9. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 9 Introduction – Non-ordinary Matter 2012 marks 100 th Anniversary of Cosmic Ray Discovery by Victor Hess Cosmic rays

10. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 10 Introduction – Non-ordinary Matter Accelerators … (particles) is (are) produced in energetic collisions

11. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 11 Hadron Physics – Unsolved Questions How does Nature make Hadrons ? No free quarks Confinement Mass of hadrons Mass without mass Changes in medium? Restoration of Chiral Symmetry Hadronic States Enigma of mesons and baryons; resonances; existence of exotics? QCD vacuum Force independent of distance Valence quark Meson Baryon

12. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 12 Hadron Physics – Unsolved Questions How does Nature make Hadrons ? Hadronic interaction? Remnant of quark- quark interaction Composite nucleon Spin of composite particles (e.g. proton)? Spin Crisis (Puzzle) Hadrons in matter Color Transparency, Bound States, … (…) ½ = 3(½) q exotic nuclei

13. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 13 Hadron Physics – Unsolved Questions Structure of the nucleon Non- (+,-) symmetric charge distribution? Nucleon charge rests in quarks From Hadron Physics to the Precision Frontier

14. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 14 Precision Frontier – New Physics Electric dipole moment (EDM) d Structure of the nucleon Non- (+,-) symmetric charge distribution? … would have profound implications: d = 0 violates time-reversal symmetry Nucleon charge rests in quarks

15. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 15 Assertion: Universe started with equal amounts of matter and antimatter ! Early Universe Big Bang Precision Frontier – EDM Physics Case Matter Anti-matter

16. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 16 Very soon, a slight asymmetry developed (CP- / T-violation) Early Universe Matter Anti-matter Big Bang Precision Frontier – EDM Physics Case

17. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 17 All the anti-matter annihilated with matter Early Universe Matter Anti-matter Big Bang Precision Frontier – EDM Physics Case Matter anti-matter annihilation

18. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 18 Now, only matter is left over! Why do we exist at all? Early Universe Today Matter Anti-matter Matter anti-matter annihilation Big Bang Precision Frontier – EDM Physics Case

19. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 19 A nucleon is very small (~ 1 femtometer) Nucleon Earth Precision Frontier – EDM Challenge 10 -15 m

20. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 20 An EDM is VEEEEEE … EEERY small !! d exp < 10 -27 [e cm] separation ~ size of a hair expand Nucleon Earth Precision Frontier – EDM Challenge 10 -15 m

21. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 21 Ongoing searches: n, e, µ, atoms … Great physics beyond SM Precision Frontier – EDMs Neutron EDM Status and plans: Most likely exp. limit for neutron

22. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 22 Idea: polarized beams interacting with E-field tilt of polarization JEDI Jülich Electric Dipole Moment Investigations Precision Frontier – EDM Approach New: A dedicated precision storage ring for p, d: Observation of out-of-plane polarization:

23. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 23 A first grade technological and scientific challenge ! Precision Frontier – EDM Storage Ring Ring concept: 2 counter-rotating beams …

24. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 24 A first grade technological and scientific challenge ! Precision Frontier – EDM Storage Ring Ring concept: 2 counter-rotating beams …

25. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 25 Long-term project: needs expertise, time, persistance … and money ! Precision Frontier – EDMs JEDI at Forschungszentrum Jülich Physics: a must-do experiment R&D, tests at COSY … the best place on earth to pursue this project Cooperation with labs in Europe (Ferrara, …), US (BNL, Cornell, IUCF, …) and elsewhere (Georgia, Russia, …) srEDM Network

26. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 26 Long-term project: needs expertise, time, persistance … and money ! Precision Frontier – EDMs JEDI at Forschungszentrum Jülich Physics: a must-do experiment R&D, tests at COSY … the best place on earth to pursue this project Cooperation with labs in Europe (Ferrara, …), US (BNL, Cornell, IUCF, …) and elsewhere (Georgia, Russia, …) srEDM Network Spokespersons: J.Pretz (RWTH) F.Rathmann (FZJ, IKP-2) A.Lehrach (FZJ, IKP-4)

27. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 27 Possibly higher sensitivity than neutron Discovery potential ! Precision Frontier – EDMs pEDM dEDM indirect exp. limit for proton Status and plans: Neutron EDM

28. 27. Dezember 2013 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 28