2. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Materials Transport
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
(CAAP)
Gina Marie (Jākey) Carrillo-Lazo
Senior Dangerous Goods Inspector Certificate Management Department Flight Standards Inspectorate Services (FSIS)

3. Hazardous Materials/ Dangerous Goods Definitions
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City
What are Hazardous Materials (HazMat) or Dangerous Goods (DG) Articles?
Dangerous goods are solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment.

4. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
How are HazMat or DG Items Transported ?
Land
Sea
Air
Rail
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

5. Dangerous Goods Items and Classifications
Class 1 – Explosives Examples: gunpowder, grenades, ammunition, flares, fireworks
Class 2 – Gases (flammable,
non-flammable, toxic)
Examples: propane, butane, LPG, nitrogen, ammonia, aerosols
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

6. Dangerous Goods Items and Classifications
Class 3 – Flammable Liquids Examples: petrol, alcohols, thinners, solvents, lacquers, varnishes
Class 4 – Flammable Solids Examples: matches, sulphur, wetted explosives, silicon powder, moth balls
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

7. Dangerous Goods Items and Classifications
Class 5 – Oxidizing Substances, Organic Peroxides Examples: hydrogen peroxide, ammonium nitrate, domestic bleach
Class 6 – Toxic and Infectious Substances Examples: Pest strips, flea collars, correcting fluid, mercury
thermometers, insecticides, fiberglass, cyanide solutions
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

8. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
Dangerous Goods Items and Classifications
Class 7 – Radioactive Material Examples: Substances (solid or liquid) which spontaneously emit ionizing radiation – Category I, II or III, depending on the radiation level of transport packaging
Class 8– Corrosive Substances Examples:
Caustic soda, dishwasher detergent, cleaning products, hydrochloric
acid and battery acids
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

9. Dangerous Goods Items and Classifications
Class 9 – Miscellaneous Dangerous Substances, Including Environmentally-Hazardous Substances
Examples: dry ice, asbetos, lithium ion batteries, cosmetics, chemical kits
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

10. Dangerous Goods Information to the Public
Examples of Dangerous Goods Signs
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

11. Dangerous Goods Information to the Public
Example of a Dangerous Goods Sign
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

12. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
Why Does the Transport of Hazardous Materials and Dangerous Goods Need Regulatory Standards?
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

13. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
1. SAFETY
2. SECURITY
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

14. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
Dangerous Goods-Related Accidents and Incidents In the Aviation Industry
Flight/ Date : J7592/11 May 1996 Airline : Valujet Aircraft : DC9-32 Type of Flight : Commercial Crash Site : Everglades
Reported Problem:
Fire in Cargo Compartment
DG Item Identified as Cause:
Class 5.1 Oxygen Generators
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

15. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
Dangerous Goods-Related Accidents and Incidents In the Aviation Industry
Flight/ Date : FX1406/ 05 Sep 1996 Airline : Federal Express Aircraft : DC10-10 Type of Flight : Cargo Crash Site : Newburgh, NY
Reported Problem:
Fire/ Smoke in the Cabin Cargo Compartment One of Several Possible Causes:
Undeclared Hazardous Items
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

16. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
Dangerous Goods-Related Accidents and Incidents In the Aviation Industry
Flight/ Date : 5X1406/ 07 Feb 2006 Airline : United Parcel Services (UPS) Aircraft : DC 8-71F Type of Flight : Cargo Crash Site : Philadelphia, PA
Reported Problem:
Smoke in Cargo Compartment One of Several Possible Causes:
Undeclared Hazardous Items
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

17. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
Dangerous Goods-Related Accidents and Incidents In the Aviation Industry
Flight/ Date : 5X006/ 03 Sep 2010 Airline : United Parcel Services (UPS) Aircraft : B744F Type of Flight : Cargo Crash Site : Near Dubai Silicon Oasis Reported Problem:
Fire in Main Cargo Deck
Published Cause:
Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Controversy: Al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for accident as part of the 2010 cargo plane bomb plot
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

18. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
1. SAFETY
2. SECURITY
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

19. TERRORISM

20. Legislative Bases for Dangerous Goods Regulations International
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARP)
Annex 18 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation
The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods
By Air
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
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21. Legislative Bases for Dangerous Goods Regulations International
“The material in this Annex was developed by the Air Navigation Commission in response to a need expressed by Contracting
States for an internationally agreed set of provisions governing the safe transport of dangerous goods by air.”
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
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22. Technical Bases for Dangerous Goods Regulations
Annex 18 to the Chicago Convention and the associated Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air of the ICAO are recognized as the sole authentic legal source material in the air transport of dangerous goods.
The IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations are published in order to provide procedures for shippers and operators by which articles and substances with hazardous properties can be safely transported by air on all commercial air transport.
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

23. Legislative Bases for Dangerous Goods Regulations Philippines
How Did DG Regulations Come About?
Prior to CAAP’s formation in 2007, the AIR TRANSPORTATION OFFICE (ATO) handled Civil Aviation oversight in the Philippines.
In July 2007, the Philippine Civil Aviation under the ATO was audited by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) which revealed safety oversight deficiencies.
The Philippine Civil Aviation was downgraded from Category I to Category II .
In response to the FAA findings, the Philippine Government embarked on a Reform Program starting with the enactment into Law of Republic Act 9497 (RA 9497), creating the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) and abolishing the ATO in the process.
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

24. Legislative Bases for Dangerous Goods Regulations Philippines
How Did DG Regulations Come About?
RA The CAAP Law (born: 23 March 2008)
Chapter X - Other Powers Sec. 77 Authority Respecting the Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Air
The Director General shall monitor and enforce compliance of the rules and regulations concerning the carriage of goods by air in relation to Annex 18 of the Chicago Convention and the ICAO Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air.
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

25. Legislative Bases for Dangerous Goods Regulations Philippines
How Did DG Regulations Come About?
RA9497, Sec. 23, empowers the CAAP Board to promulgate rules and regulations in the interest of air safety. This came in effect via the Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations (PCARs), promulgated in 2008.
Based on recommendations born from two audits conducted, ICAO-Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP) in 2009 and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in 2010, respectively, amendments to the PCARs were made in 2011.
The PCARs are based on the ICAO SARP. It has 11 Parts and 2 Nomenclatures (Procedural Laws) which originally were Part 13 (Accident Reporting Investigation) and Part 18 (Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods By Air).
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
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26. Legislative Bases for Dangerous Goods Regulations Philippines
How Did DG Regulations Come About?
PCAR Part 18 The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air
Nomenclature (Official Gazette) Procedural Law Released 20 July as the Manual of Dangerous Goods Approvals
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
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27. PCAR Part 18: The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods By Air
Applicability
applicable to all domestic and international operations of civil aircraft.
In the interest of safety and minimizing interruptions to the international transport of dangerous goods, the domestic civil
aircraft operations must comply with Annex 18 and ICAO
Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous
Goods by Air.
All air carriers or operators shall comply with this Civil Aviation Regulation, Annex 18, ICAO Technical Instructions (TI) for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air.
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
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28. PCAR Part 18: The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods By Air
AOC With Dangerous Goods Carrier Permit
AOCs That Opt NOT to Carry Dangerous Goods
Philippine Airlines
All other Local Carriers
MANUALS – PCAR 18.5
Operations Manuals must contain more detailed procedures on DG handling (acceptance, storage, loading, written notification to Pilot-in-command, incident reporting, damage to DG packaging, special requirements for poisons)
MANUALS- PCAR 18.5
Operations Manuals contain less detailed procedures on DG handling (DG awareness training, no DG to be accepted, reporting of damaged packages suspected to contain DG)
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
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29. PCAR Part 18: The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods By Air
AOC With Dangerous Goods Carrier Permit
AOCs That Opt NOT to Carry Dangerous Goods
TRAINING SUBJECTS – PCAR 18.6
(1) Dangerous goods and classifications
(2) Shipping paper and certificate requirements
(3) Packaging, marking, and labeling
(4) Exemption authority
(5) Exceptions from the regulations
(6) Written communication to pilot in
command
(7) Keeping and replacement of lost or
damaged labels
(8) Reporting hazardous materials incidents/deficiencies
(9) Loading, unloading, and handling
(10) Specific regulations applicable according to classification of material.
TRAINING SUBJECTS – PCAR 18.6
(1) Dangerous goods and classifications
(2) Packaging, marking, and labeling
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
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30. PCAR Part 18: The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods By Air
AOC With Dangerous Goods Carrier Permit
PACKING – 18.14
(i) Dangerous Goods shall be packed in accordance with PCAR and as provided for in the Technical Instructions.
(ii) Packaging shall be of good quality, constructed and securely closed so as to prevent leakage which might be caused in normal
conditions of transport, by changes in temperature, humidity or
pressure, or by vibration.
(iii) Packaging shall be suitable for the contents. Packaging in direct contact with DG shall be resistant to any chemical or other action
of such goods.
(iv) Packaging shall meet the material and construction specifications in the Technical Instructions.
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

31. PCAR Part 18: The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods By Air
AOC With Dangerous Goods Carrier Permit
PACKING – 18.14
(v) Packaging shall be tested in accordance with the provisions of the
Technical Instructions.
(vi) Packaging for which retention of a liquid is a basic function, shall be capable of withstanding, without leaking, the pressure stated in the Technical Instructions.
(vii) Inner Packaging shall be so packed, secured or cushioned as to prevent their breakage or leakage and to control their movement within the outer packaging(s) during normal conditions of air transport. Cushioning and absorbent materials shall not react dangerously with the contents of the packaging.
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

32. PCAR Part 18: The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods By Air
AOC With Dangerous Goods Carrier Permit
PACKING – 18.14
(viii) No packaging shall be re-used until it has been inspected and found free from corrosion or other damage. Where a packaging is re-used, all necessary measures shall be taken to prevent contamination of subsequent contents.
(ix) If, because of the nature of their former contents, un-cleaned empty packaging may present a hazard, they shall be tightly closed and treated according to the hazard they constitute.
(x) No harmful quantity of a dangerous substance shall adhere to the outside of packages.
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

33. Dangerous Goods Awareness and Surveillance Initiatives of the CAAP
Certificate Management Department (CMD)
Philippine Airlines – the only certified Dangerous Goods Carrier in the Philippines
Cebu Pacific Air – Non-DG Carrier but with special exemptions for special routes and VVIP flights
Flight Operations Department (FOD)
Air Philippines Express Zest Air
Sea Air
Air Asia
Royal Star Lion Air
All other General Aviation Air Operators
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

34. CAAP Road Map for Dangerous Goods Surveillance
Develop PCAR Part 18: Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air
Create DG Specialized Team to handle DG Surveillance
Screen/ hire Qualified Personnel as DG Inspectors v
Develop Tools (CASORT)
Conduct Inspector & DG Technical Trainings
Conduct OJT for New DG inspectors
Conduct continuous Technical Trainings on Required & Support Programs
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

35. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
Dangerous Goods Awareness and Surveillance Activities in the Philippine Aviation Industry
From August 2011 to May 2012:
1,012
Dangerous Goods Inspections had been conducted and recorded in CASORT.
Safety Issues related to Dangerous Goods by Air Operator Certificate (AOC) holders have been recorded monitored up to resolution and/or were subjected to further surveillance. 47
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

36. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
Dangerous Goods Awareness and Surveillance Activities in the Philippine Aviation Industry
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

37. Dangerous Goods Inspections
CAAP DANGEROUS GOODS INSPECTORS GUIDANCE
OPERATIONS INSPECTORS MANUAL
MANUAL OF DANGEROUS GOODS APPROVALS
RESOLUTION AND ENFORCEMENT MANUAL
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

38. Dangerous Goods Inspections
CAAP INSPECTION POLICY
Program Minimum Required Annual Inspections (MRAI).
Conduct un-programmed inspections on an ad-hoc basis.
Train inspectors in each technical discipline to conduct inspections of dangerous goods processes and participants.
Inspectors are charged with the responsibility to conduct DG-related inspection tasks as they go about daily oversight functions.
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

39. Dangerous Goods Inspections
Inspector Responsibilities: Duties and Coverage
DG Evaluation and Approvals
- DG Manuals and Revision - Segments on DG found in various Airline Operators Manuals
DG Training Programs, as applicable to the trainees’ involvement in DG handling
DG Published Procedures and Revisions
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

40. Dangerous Goods Inspections
Inspector Responsibilities: Duties and Coverage
DG Inspections
- Facilities and Signs (storage, segregation, handling)
- Documentation (manuals, shipping records, training records, audit records, loading records)
- Processes (DG screening/acceptance/preparation/ labels/packing/aircraft loading/ emergency procedures)
Personnel (actual performance/ training records)
Training (training program, monitor training-in-progress)
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

41. Dangerous Goods Inspections
Inspector Responsibilities: Kinds of Inspections
DG Comprehensive Inspections
- This inspection is intended to be a consolidation of all applicable DG inspections to a specific organization.
Minimum Required Annual Inspections (MRAI)
- Each year, at the beginning of December, the CAAP will plan the minimum annual dangerous goods inspections for the coming year. The total number of inspections will be planned based on the number of
AOC holders.
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

42. Dangerous Goods Inspections
Inspector Responsibilities: Kinds of Inspections
Unplanned, No-Notice Inspections
All qualified inspectors will be expected to
accomplish DG inspections during the conduct of other inspector tasks associated
with the certificated organizations. Such inspections are to be conducted on a regular basis.
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

43. Dangerous Goods Inspection Process
Initial Preparation
Review Record
Check for Emphasis Areas or Weak Links
Unless this is a No-Notice Inspection, advise accountable manager of organization being inspected
Conduct of the Inspection
Initial Contact
Inspection Proper
Debriefing with Organization Representatives
Completion of CAAP Records
Complete CASORT Action Records
Record any non-conformance/safety issues
Provide required written documentation to company and monitor until resolved or compliance is achieved
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

44. Increasing HazMat/ DG Transport Regulatory Standards
THEREFORE:
For the Aviation industry, increasing DG Transport Regulatory Standards can prevent DG-related Accidents/ Incidents from occurring…
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

45. Increasing HazMat/ DG Transport Regulatory Standards
Through Cargo
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

46. Through Passenger Checked Bags/ Carry-Ons/ Clothing
Increasing HazMat/ DG Transport Regulatory Standards
Through Passenger
Checked Bags/ Carry-Ons/ Clothing
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

47. Increasing HazMat/ DG Transport Regulatory Standards
Through Mail
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

48. Increasing HazMat/ DG Transport Regulatory Standards
Through Aircraft Ground Servicing
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

49. Increasing HazMat/ DG Transport Regulatory Standards
Through Airline Personnel
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

50. Increasing HazMat/ DG Transport Regulatory Standards
Or, even through Die-hard Terrorist “Wannabes”
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

51. Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
Conclusion
“At the end of the day, the goals are simple:
Safety and Security.”
- Jodi Rell Former Governor US State of Connecticut
Increasing Regulatory Standards for Hazardous Material Transport
GLOBALPACK 2012 International Packaging Conference 27 July 2012 Sarabia Convention Center, Iloilo City

52. 84th Meeting. AML/CFT, NALECC, 07 June 2012
End of Presentation
Effective DG Surveillance in the Aviation Industry : A Means to Combat Terrorism
84th Meeting. AML/CFT, NALECC, 07 June 2012