1. TEMPERATURE AND NOISE LOGGING IN RESERVOIR FLOW EVALUATION
Take a look behind the casing …

2. Scanning Radius CBL C/O WFL SIGMA Spectral Noise Log SPINNER
BLIND
THRU
TUBING
C/O
WFL
SIGMA
Spectral Noise Log
~ 3 m
SPINNER
Dynamic HPT
~ 1 m
Static HPT
> 3 m 2

3. Physics - heat transfer equation:
t >0, r >rc , z < z <z +
excess temperature:
(r, z, t) = T (r, z, t)  Tg (z)
-boundary conditions:
a) flowing
b) shut-in

4. Example

5. Conventional vs High Presicion
Conventional temperature
High precision temperature TI TD TS TI TD TS
Shift >10м
Matches with perforation interval
Doesn’t match with perforation interval
Channeling
No injection below
Sensor at bottom of tool-string
Time response < 1 sec
Sensor in middle of tool-string
Time response > 1 sec 5

6. SHPT areal plot
Active Producer
Shut-in Producer TG
Injectors 6

7. Producer. SHPT vs PLT
Spinner
Temperature 7

8. Injector. SHPT vs PLT
Spinner
Temperature 8

9. Producer. SHPT vs SIGMA SIGMA = 50% sweep SHPT = bypassed oil
High BSW
SIGMA = 50% sweep
SHPT = bypassed oil
Active channeling
Current OWC or Coning 9

10. Type library Fracture Non uniform Injection OWC Rise or Coning
Channeling 10

12. SHPT vs PLT 3D simulation
Bypassed oil
OWC
PLT
SHPT 12

13. Spectral Noise Logging Tool
OIL & GAS SERVICES
Parameter
Value
Operating frequency range, Hz
– 30,000
Frequency resolution, Hz
Number of frequency channels
512
Noise measurement range, dB
30–130
Maximum ambient operating pressure, MPa 60
Operating temperature range, degC
Reading Mode – Memory
Temperature range – 125oC (253oF)
Pressure Range – 60 MPa
HPT-PLT Package allows to cover Static Temperature – oriented to determine the static reservoir disturbances caused by the reservoir fluid movement
Dynamic Temperature – provides information about the current flow in near reservoir zone and draws a qualitative picture of the current working intervals
PLT – shows the current wellbore flow 13

14. Noise Spectrum is defined by console/reservoir structure
SNL Physics
1 kHz
Noise Spectrum is defined by
console/reservoir structure
[m]
Diameter of console
Length of console
[Pa]
Young’s modulus of console’s material
[kg/m3]
Density of console’s material
Large consoles  Low frequencies
Small consoles  High frequencies

15. SNL Frequency Casing Tubing SSD X-NIPPEL Mandrels Perfs Orifice Leaks
Channels
Faults
Fractures
Regular
matrix
Tight
matrix
Super-tight
Matrix

16. How to read SNL panel… Bore hole Flow Fracture Flow
Sketch
Bore hole Flow
Fracture Flow
Reservoir Matrix Flow
Casing
Perfs
Channel
Macrofrac
Regular
matrix
Tight
porous
Super-tight
porous 16

17. Producer. SNL + PLT ? Bore hole flow Fracture flow Reservoir
OIL & GAS SERVICES
Bore hole flow
Fracture flow ?
Reservoir
Matrix flow
Channeling

18. Producer. SNL + PLT. Zoom Bore hole flow Fracture flow Reservoir
OIL & GAS SERVICES
Bore hole flow
Fracture flow
Reservoir
Matrix flow
Channeling

19. Producer. SNL + PLT. Communication. Zoom
Bore hole flow
Fracture flow
Reservoir
Matrix flow
Channeling 19 19

20. Injector. SNL vs PLT 20 20

21. Injector. SNL + HPT + PLT. Communication
Thief injection
Injection Water Override
Matrix flow

22. Observer. SNL + HPT. Lateral flow
Reservoir
Matrix flow

23. Open Hole – monitor drilling losses
OIL & GAS SERVICES
Matrix flow
Fractures survived
Matrix killed X X
Matrix flow
Fracture flow
Light Mud -> Regular Mud X X
Flow shut-down 23 23

24. Observer
Injector
Producer
T SNL
T SNL
T SNL

25. OIL & GAS SERVICES
The End 25

26. Open Hole – SNL3 vs conventional NL
wide wings
narrow wings
Light Mud -> Regular Mud 26 26