1. The worlds libraries. Connected. Enduring Change Cataloging, Judgment, and Imagination Competencies and Education for a Career in Cataloging Interest Group ALA Annual, Anaheim, California 2012 June 22 Jay Weitz Senior Consulting Database Specialist WorldCat Quality Management Division OCLC jay_weitz@oclc.org

2. The worlds libraries. Connected. Conversations with Catalogers in the 21 st Century Helen Buhler Halvard (Hal) Cain J. McRee (Mac) Elrod Jennifer Marie Eustis Bernhard Eversberg Lynnette M. Fields Jon Gorman Michael Gorman Sylvia D. Hall-Ellis Janet Swan Hill Sheila S. Intner Ed Jones Susan S. Lazinger John F. Myers Scott Piepenburg Elaine R. Sanchez Christine Schwartz James Weinheimer Martha M. Yee Jay Weitz

3. The worlds libraries. Connected. From ICPSR to Playaways: Evolving Standards for the Cataloging of Electronic Resources

4. The worlds libraries. Connected. Resilience Patience Skills Judgment Imagination Competence Education The Rushing River of Revision

5. The worlds libraries. Connected. Welcome to the Catalogers Madhouse

6. The worlds libraries. Connected. Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR) 1967- Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) 1968- AACR and MARC

7. The worlds libraries. Connected. AACR1, 1967 Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR1), 1967 No mention of computers. No mention of Machine- Readable Data Files. No apparent awareness that the world was soon going to change.

8. The worlds libraries. Connected. CCRC Subcommittee on Rules for Cataloging Machine-Readable Data Files 1970: American Library Association, Resources and Technical Services Division, Cataloging and Classification Section, Descriptive Cataloging Committee created a Subcommittee on Rules for Cataloging Machine-Readable Data Files. Subcommittee was transferred to the Catalog Code Revision Committee, which was already looking toward AACR2. Final report issued in January 1976.

9. The worlds libraries. Connected. CCRC Subcommittee on Rules for Cataloging Machine-Readable Data Files Some Perennial Issues Raised by Subcommittee: Frequent absence, inadequacy, or ambiguity of a chief source of information. Medium Designation (later, General Material Designation or GMD): Machine-readable data file. Emphasizing edition statements that reflect changes in content rather than changes in physical format.

10. The worlds libraries. Connected. Advances in the cataloging world: 1971: ISBD(M). 1973: Non-Book Materials Cataloguing Rules (AACR1, British Text, Revised Chapters 10-15). 1974: AACR1 Revised Chapter 6, Separately Published Monographs (North American Text). 1975: AACR1 Revised Chapter 12, Audiovisual Media and Special Instructional Materials (North American Text). 1976: AACR1 Revised Chapter 14, Sound Recordings (North American Text). Evolving Standards

11. The worlds libraries. Connected. Advances in the computer world: 1970: First Random Access Memory (RAM) chip. 1971: First microprocessor (Intel 4004 chip). 1971: First floppy disk (8 inch). 1973: Ethernet networking. 1974-1975: First computer kits for consumers (including the Mark- 8 and Altair 8800); and the first portable computer, the IBM 5100. Meanwhile, Back in the Real World, Part I

12. The worlds libraries. Connected. Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition, 1978, Chapter 9: Machine-Readable Data Files Includes files stored on: Magnetic tape. Punched cards (with or without a magnetic tape strip). Aperture cards. Punched paper tapes. Disk packs. Mark sensed cards. Optical character recognition font documents. Embraces: Data stored in machine-readable form. Programs used to process that data. AACR2, 1978

13. The worlds libraries. Connected. AACR2, 1978 Chief source of information: internal user label. A machine-readable identifier containing alphabetic and/or numeric characters providing information about the file. If information is not available from the chief source, use the following sources in order of preference: Documentation issued by the creator of the file. Other published descriptions of the file. Other sources (including the container of the file and its labels).

14. The worlds libraries. Connected. AACR2, 1978 Chapter 9 has File Description Area rather than Physical Description Area. Number of data files, program files, or object programs. Number of logical records or statements. Name of the programming language. Name and number of the machine on which file runs. 2 program files (300 statements each, COBOL). 1 object program (IBM 360/40). Any explicitly physical characteristics (such as the number and further details of tape reels or punch cards) relegated to a File Description and Physical Description note.

15. The worlds libraries. Connected. Machine-Readable Data Files: A MARC Format 1979: Work began on Machine-Readable Data Files: A MARC Format. October 1981: Machine-Readable Data Files: A MARC Format approved by MARBI. October 1984: OCLC implemented MRDF format.

16. The worlds libraries. Connected. April 1, 1976: Apple I. 1977: Apple II, Commodore PET, Radio Shack TRS-80. 1978: VisiCalc, the first computer spreadsheet program. 1979: WordStar, the first successful word processing software. August 21, 1981: IBM PC and its MS-DOS operating system. Meanwhile, Back in the Real World, Part II

17. The worlds libraries. Connected. Emphasis in 9.0B1 on the internal user label as chief source of information. Emphasis in 9.5 on the number of files and programs and the corresponding relegation of any physical description of the carrier to a note. Increasingly antiquated GMD machine-readable data file. Lack of any guidance for describing the new array of physical carriers (reels, disks, cassettes, cartridges). Need for a note on system requirements for the make and model of the computer, the amount of memory, the operating system, etc. AACR2 Chapter 9, 1978, and the Buggy Whip

18. The worlds libraries. Connected. Complements, rather than replaces, the rules in the original Chapter 9. Covers data files and program files coded in machine-readable form and produced in multiple copies for commercial marketing and distribution on a specific carrier intended to be used by the purchaser. Preferred source of bibliographic description remained the internal data: Explicit acknowledgement was now made that catalogers may lack means of access to internal data. Label on the storage medium itself and labels on containers move up in order of preference. Guidelines for Using AACR2 Chapter 9 for Cataloging Microcomputer Software, 1984

19. The worlds libraries. Connected. 1969: Earliest versions of the Internet. 1971: E-mail. 1973: FTP (file transfer protocol). Early 1990s: World Wide Web. Bad to Worse

20. The worlds libraries. Connected. AACR2 0.7: Some rules are designated as alternative rules or as optional additions, and some other rules or parts of rules are introduced by optionally. These provisions arise from the recognition that different solutions to a problem and differing levels of detail and specificity are appropriate in different contexts. Decide some alternatives and options as a matter of cataloguing policy for a particular catalogue or bibliographic agency and, therefore, exercise them either always or never. Exercise other alternatives and options case by case. All cataloguing agencies should distinguish between these two types of option and keep a record of their policy decisions and of the circumstances in which a particular option may be applied. AACR2s Alternatives and Options

21. The worlds libraries. Connected. AACR2 0.9: These rules recognize the necessity for judgement and interpretation by the cataloguer. Such judgement and interpretation may be based on the requirements of a particular catalogue or upon the use of the items being catalogued. The need for judgement is indicated in these rules by words and phrases such as if appropriate, important, and if necessary. Such words and phrases indicate recognition of the fact that uniform legislation for all types and sizes of catalogue is neither possible nor desirable, and encourage the application of individual judgement based on specific local knowledge. This statement in no way contradicts the value of standardization. Apply such judgements consistently within a particular context and record the cataloguing agencys policy. Cataloger's Judgment, or, Cataloguers Judgement

22. The worlds libraries. Connected. AACR2 MARC Real-World Resources Catalogers Judgment Catalogers Imagination Stated Rule Structured Format Stubborn Reality

23. The worlds libraries. Connected. Resource Description and Access October 1997: International Conference on the Principles & Future Development of AACR (Toronto Conference). May 1998: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report (FRBR). December 2004: Draft of AACR3, Part I. April 2005: Transition to RDA. November 2008: Full Draft of RDA. June 2010: RDA Toolkit published. October-December 2010: RDA Test. June 13, 2011: U.S. national libraries announce implementation not before January 1, 2013. June 14, 2011: Widespread panic.

24. The worlds libraries. Connected. JSC. CC:DA. MARBI. LC Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative. Taming RDA, Transforming MARC

25. The worlds libraries. Connected. MARC 21 UpdateOCLC-MARC Update Implementation OCLC Technical Bulletin No. 10 (October 2009)May 2010No. 258 No. 11 (February 2010)May 2010No. 258 No. 12 (October 2010)August 2011No. 260 No. 13 (September 2011)May 2012No. 261 No. 14 (April 2012)May 2012No. 261 Updating MARC

26. The worlds libraries. Connected. 336 - Content Type The form of communication through which a work is expressed. 337 - Media Type The general type of intermediation device required to view, play, run, etc., the content of a resource. 338 - Carrier Type The format of the storage medium and housing of a carrier in combination with the media type (which indicates the intermediation device required to view, play, run, etc., the content of a resource). Content, Media, Carrier 336 text ǂ 2 rdacontent 337 unmediated ǂ 2 rdamedia 338 volume ǂ 2 rdacarrier

27. The worlds libraries. Connected. Bibliographic 264 - Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice 344 - Sound Characteristics 345 - Projection Characteristics of Moving Image 346 - Video Characteristics 347 - Digital File Characteristics 377 - Associated Language 380 - Form of Work 381 - Other Distinguishing Characteristics of Work or Expression 382 - Medium of Performance 383 - Numeric Designation of Musical Work 384 - Key Authority 046 – Special Coded Dates 336 - Content Type 368 - Other Corporate Body Attributes 370 - Associated Place 371 - Address 372 - Field of Activity 373 - Associated Group 374 - Occupation 375 - Gender 376 - Family Information 377 - Associated Language 378 - Fuller Form of Personal Name 380 - Form of work 381 - Other Distinguishing Characteristics of Work or Expression 382 - Medium of Performance 383 - Numeric Designation of Musical Work 384 – Key MARC Bibliographic and Authority

28. The worlds libraries. Connected. Bibliographic Indexes Access Restrictions (rs: and rs=) Date Created as MARC (dm:) Description Conventions (dx:) Entity Attributes (en:) ISSN Link (ik: and ik=) Language of Cataloging Description (ll:) Name and Title Index (nx=) National Bibliography Number (nn:) Other Class Number (ot: and ot=) Physical Description (p3:) Provenance (pv:) Authority Indexes Cartographic Data (cm:) Entity Attributes (en:) ISSN Link (ik:) Relationship (rx:) New Indexes

29. The worlds libraries. Connected. Entity Attributes (Bibliographic) 046k l 340a b c d e f h i j k m n o 344a b c d e f g h 345a b 346a b 347a b c e 377a l 380a 381a 382a b d p v 383a b c d e 384a Entity Attributes (Authorities) 046f g k l s t 368a b c 370a b c e f g s t 371a b c d e m s t z 372a s t 373a s t 374a s t 375ast 376a b c s t 377a l 378q 380a 381a 382a b d p v 383a b c d e 384a Entity Attributes Indexes

30. The worlds libraries. Connected. Publisher Location (pl:) 257 a 260 a e 261 f 262 a 264 a 533 b 752 a b c d Publisher (pb: or pb=) 260 b f 261 a b e 262 b 264 b 533 c New Elements, Existing Indexes

31. The worlds libraries. Connected. Material Type Index RDA Carrier Term: 338 a MARC Code for RDA Term: 338 b OCLC Material Type Index (mt: and mt=) video cartridge vcvid videocassettevfvca videodiscvdvcd videotape reelvrvid other video carriervzvid Video carriers

32. The worlds libraries. Connected. RDA Workforms Set a preference in the Connexion client (version 2.40) and browser. RDA Toolkit IP Authentication GLIMIR Future option. Connexion Client and Browser

33. The worlds libraries. Connected. Ongoing record matching changes for RDA elements. Additional validation rules to help ensure correct coding. WorldCat

34. The worlds libraries. Connected. OCLC Policy Statement on RDA Cataloging in WorldCat for the U.S. Testing Period and Beyond http://www.oclc.org/us/en/rda/policy.htm In effect since RDA publication, June 2010. Catalogers WILL NOT be required to use RDA at any time in the foreseeable future. Incorporating RDA Practices into WorldCat: A Discussion Paper http://www.oclc.org/us/en/rda/discussion.htm Widely circulated for comments, February 15 through April 15, 2012. OCLC staff currently discussing all users' suggestion and comments. Trying to work toward a consensus about the policies that will work best both for the cataloging community and for library users. Attempting to balance the dual roles of WorldCat as a catalog and as a repository of bibliographic data. Deeply informed by the work of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging. Policy Review and Coordination

35. The worlds libraries. Connected. Schema.org descriptive mark-up appended to WorldCat.org pages. WorldCat.org now offers largest set of linked bibliographic data on the Web. Entire publicly available version of WorldCat is now available for use by intelligent Web crawlers, such as Google and Bing, that can make use of this metadata in search indexes and other applications. DDC 23 also available as linked data. Linked Data

36. The worlds libraries. Connected. Competencies Education Resilience Patience Skills Judgment Imagination Enduring Change

37. The worlds libraries. Connected. Enduring Change: Cataloging, Judgment, and Imagination Thanks for your kind attention.