1. Dr. Hany Elghazaly ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER - ERC Cairo University & AEEE Member September 2013

2. Technical and Managerial Barriers: Although many efforts have been carried out to improve awareness, further efforts are still needed especially at the decision maker level. Lack of operating and calibrated energy measuring instruments and absence of forms and records for energy consumption add to the awareness problem on the plant level. Absence of national codes and standards for energy consumption as well as energy benchmarking for energy utilization efficiency in industrial processes. Absence of skilled technicians.

3. Financial Barriers : No incentives or rebate policy for energy conservation projects, except the bonus offered for power factor. Subsidized energy prices. High cost of finance (10% - 14%) Instability in Exchange rate. The financial sector is lacking alternative financial instruments for financing projects. Financial institutions are lacking knowledge and experience regarding the true risks of financing energy efficiency projects.

4. Legal and Other Barriers: The legal system suffers from complex and slow process for resolving legal disputes specially when measurements and verification protocols are considered for evaluating the savings. Slow or no process for resolving: A) Non legal connections B) Lack of efficiency at the distribution and consumption side C) Lack of Mandatory labeling system for the imported electric equipment D) Lack of awareness and education for consumers

7. A SUSTAINED AND PLANNED ACTIVITY. AN INTEGRATED APPROACH. MORE EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY WITHOUT REDUCING PRODUCTION LEVELS OR LOWERING PRODUCT QUALITY, EMPLOYEE MORALE OR ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS. Evolves an Overall Energy Strategy Creates Participation and Total Commitment from Top Management. Implements a Systematic Management Action Plan.

8. For each company implementing ISO 50001, a team of 2-4 persons are required For every 100 companies implementing ISO 50001, a company of 4-8 persons shall be established to provide consultations For every 200 companies implementing ISO 50001, a company of 5-8 persons shall be established to provide Training For every 200 companies implementing ISO 50001, a company of 5-10 persons shall be established to provide Measurements For every 100 companies implementing ISO 50001, a company of 5-10 persons shall be established to provide Certification Thousands of jobs shall be created in the fields of ESCOs, Production Companies, …etc.

9. At Least 100 thousands of new jobs with real value shall be created in the fields of EE, ESCOs, Production Companies, …etc. These include: 1) EE electricians able to install Electronic Ballast, Induction lamps, LED lamps, Occupancy sensors …etc. 2) Energy Technicians able to install Speed Control Drivers, Soft Starters and Capacitors for Power Factor Correction, …etc. 3) Renewable Energy electrician, able to install and service Solar Water Heaters, PV and Wind Turbines. 4) Energy Managers for Factories, Governmental Buildings, Public Utilities, large Residential Buildings that can manage the electric energy inside their facilities; such a project will create huge numbers of new jobs.

10. 1- Mandatory ISO 50001 for Large Consumers and Governmental Buildings. 2- Distribution of 50 Million Locally made CFL < 20W of High Power Factor via school students and payment by installment LE 0.75 per month for 18 month. Each CFL will save at least 2 pounds per month on base of 4 hours/day working time. This project will create at least 5000 new jobs in 10 National Factories. Each of them to be contracted with 5 Million CFL per year, providing real localization of at least 40% of the product in Egypt. This project will also save up to 3G of electrical demand assuming only 50% of the 50M lamps are working.

11. 3-Massive Training Program for Electricians and Technicians. 4-Massive Training Program for Energy Managers. 5-Changing of 4 Million Street Lighting Fixtures that are using 400 and 250 watt sodium lamps and Magnetic Ballast with 150 watt supper sodium lamps with Dimmable Electronic Ballast. With the help of ERC, Universities and 5 National Factories, this project can create > 3000 new jobs and will save Egypt up to 5 GW of added power stations.