1. 4G Mobile Technology – Towards Open Architecture and Open Spectrum
Prof. Willie W. Lu, Ph.D
Former Stanford Professor & Advisor of FCC-TAC
Chairman & Executive Director, USCWC
Independent Advisor & Examiner, EU/US/China/CA/etc.

2. Commercial Mobile Communications Laws
No single Radio Transmission Technology (RTT or Wireless Standard) can do both broadband high-speed and seamless mobility
Low cost, high performance, easy to use, efficient spectrum utilization are key issues for market acceptance
The mobile device is evolving from a traditional transmissions-specific radio system to the future interface-base system. This future mobile terminal will be relying on Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) platform for complete openness and simplicity
Requirements for Mobile Internet Terminal (MIT)
Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) in System Architecture supporting adaptive multiple RTTS
Open Spectrum Planning and Management – at least supporting dynamic spectrum allocation
Affordability in services and applications – low cost though not cheap
Market: incl. trends and drivers, forecasts and implications
Business Strategies: incl. mobile data value chain, mobile ISP business model, key success factors
Case Studies: DoCoMo, Virgin, probably Sonera
Business Plan: business plans, business development support from Siemens

3. We have fundamental problem in the existing wireless communication architecture, and need to reshape the industry based on open architecture!
Summary in Advance
4G can support high-speed (up to 100Mbps), but high-speed is not 4G
4G will focus on Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) technology instead of purely high-speed transmission
Mobile WiMAX can NOT support seamless mobility, but is OK for nomadic or limited mobility
TD-SCDMA has many technical issues to be solved: Network Optimization and Further R&D will take at least ten years
Wireless Mobile Internet will face big challenge if the underlying wireless transmission architecture is not open
Open spectrum planning is relying on optimal modeling of digital GPS map and digital spectrum map of the service area
Market: incl. trends and drivers, forecasts and implications
Business Strategies: incl. mobile data value chain, mobile ISP business model, key success factors
Case Studies: DoCoMo, Virgin, probably Sonera
Business Plan: business plans, business development support from Siemens

4. China Long-Term Evolution
Government’s Role in China Wireless/Mobile Industry
GSM
WLAN/BWA
China Long-Term Evolution
OWA
TD-SCDMA
One Device
One Number
One Dream
TD-OFDMA
Missions and Objectives
Open system architecture
Open spectrum planning
Open OS and Application platform
Truly User’s Phone, not Provider or Vendor’s Phone

5. Next Billion Users to Come from Emerging Markets
North America
Japan
W. Europe
341 M
128 M
398 M
Subscriber Penetration Rate
Population
1,048 M
1,337 M
1,142 M
1,432 M
“More than 3 billion people live within wireless coverage but cannot afford it.”
“No Single Wireless Standard can do both broadband high-speed and seamless mobility.”
-- Willie W. Lu %
Latin America
China
India
Africa, ME & Australia
2005
2010
Source: iSuppli, 1Q06

6. What’s 4G Mobile Technologies
Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)
Cost-effective and spectrum-effective high speed wireless transmission
4G can support high-speed transmission, but High-speed is NOT 4G

7. Wireless Standards Complexity Multiples
ANY DEVICE
SEAMLESS CONNECTIVITY
ANY NETWORK
Cellular
WMAN
WLAN
WPAN
Broadcast
Navigation
GSM
GPRS
EDGE
UMTS
HSDPA
HSUPA
3.9G 4G
Cellular
802.16d
802.16e
WMAN
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
802.11n
WLAN
UWB
RFID
Bluetooth
WPAN
A-GPS
Galileo
Navigation
DVB-H
ISDB-T
DMB
Broadcast DTV FM
Broadcast Radio HD
DAB
ANY WHERE
ANY TIME
Without open wireless architecture, the wireless industry will be totally messed-up

8. Single Global Standard is IMPOSSIBLE
Market: incl. trends and drivers, forecasts and implications
Business Strategies: incl. mobile data value chain, mobile ISP business model, key success factors
Case Studies: DoCoMo, Virgin, probably Sonera
Business Plan: business plans, business development support from Siemens

9. Typical Cell Phone Block Diagram – Path to OWA
Audio
LNA RX
Synth TX
Radio
CODEC
User
Interface
Digital Baseband Logic PA
Memory
Display
Passives
Power Management
SiGe BICMOS
Hi Voltage
Deep Submicron Digital
Discrete Passives: SAW Filters, etc.
Analog CMOS
FLASH EEPROM
Cost/area/interface are key goals
We need open architecture to define open interfaces between modules

10. Power Consumption of a Traditional Multimedia Mobile Phone – Need Revolution in Architecture
Average Power Consumption FM -
Radio D TV
MM Chip
ARM
DSP HW
Acc
SRAM OS
Prot. Stack
Display
Camera
wLAN BT
Modem
(GSM/GPRS/EDGE W
CDMA/..)
ANALOG
Audio Codec
BB Regulators
Power Mgmt
Mem
Card
Flash
GPS
SDRAM
Application SW
Input Device
Antennas, RF
Cellular modem and RF amplifier mW
Application processor mW
Memories mW
UI (including display with backlight) mW
Audio mW
Other (BT, IrDA, Energy mgmt. etc.) mW
Total mW
Power consumption at the system and processor level is becoming a dominant concern as we evolve toward integrated modem + applications processors !
Y. Neuvo, Exec. VP, Nokia, 2004 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference © 2004 IEEE

11. ICT Open Architecture Law
“The reason we had Apple Computer is because it defined the Open Computer Architecture,
The reason we had Cisco Systems is because it defined the Open Network Architecture,
The world is at the edge to define the Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) to liberate the whole wireless industry.”
Prof. Willie W. Lu, Dow Jones WI’2007

12. KPCB’s View on Future Mobile Phone
In the Churchill Club "Top Ten Trends" on March 28th, 2007 in San Jose, John Doerr of Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers said his prediction is that the cell phone will be the next PC.
Open architectured mobile phone gives consumers more choices for things to hang on their belts.

13. Simplicity – The Life of Phone
Simplicity and Openness has become the very critical issues in designing the future mobile phone. According to Junko Yoshida, news editor of EE Times, ease of use has become a "grave issue" in engineering including mobile phone industry. Designers, she said, must "listen to the SOS from consumers". Doug Engelhart, inventor of the computer mouse, considered many options for navigation on a computer screen but chose the mouse because it tested best with users, and most importantly, for its simplicity!

14. (for these to be pervasive)
End-user interaction will evolve from many purpose-specific devices to integrated open smart environments
STAGE2 : DEVICE BOOM
Non-traditional device proliferation
Integrated voice / data services
Different devices for distinct market segments
STAGE1 :
TRADITIONAL DEVICES
Individual standalone devices
Traditional Form factor e.g. phones, PC, printer
Wire-based point-to-point
connections e.g. PC to printer 4
STAGE4 : TRULY OPEN SMART ENVIRONMENT by OWA
Full network integration e.g. power, copper, cable, all wireless
Single command & control device e.g. voice, gestures (cameras / sensors)
Self-learning intelligence, virtual agents
STAGE3: INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT
Broadband availability
All integrated entertainment / voice / data services
No-wires (fully portable) network
Devices interact with each other
Penetration 3
Market: incl. trends and drivers, forecasts and implications
Business Strategies: incl. mobile data value chain, mobile ISP business model, key success factors
Case Studies: DoCoMo, Virgin, probably Sonera
Business Plan: business plans, business development support from Siemens 2
Voice
Data
Video 1
2000 (Today)
2003
2005
2010
Time
(for these to be pervasive)

15. OWA Enables Personal Communications Back to Life Again
@ home
Voice / Internet / IPTV
In-flight
Voice / Internet
@ office
Voice / Corporate Network
Wireless
Voice / Multimedia
Data / Corporate / Personal

16. A True iPhone should comprise:
Service-oriented mobility platform rather than wireless standard-specific platform
High spectrum utilization efficiency
Enhanced security features
Open wireless air interfaces
That’s relying on Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) technology

17. The Future Services Environment with underlying OWA Layer
Enterprise
Mobile Workforce
Digital Office
Data Center
MOTE
RFID
Factory / Warehouse
Sensors
Firewall
Internet
Service Providers
Digital Cities
Mobile Consumers & Workforces
Digital Homes
Digital Offices (SMB)
Outsourced, Supplier, and Customer Data Centers
Firewall
Business Processes & Workflows
Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)
Virtualized Compute, Network & Storage
Service - Oriented Architecture
Converged Wireless and Mobile Platform
Service - Oriented Infrastructure

18. End-To-End (E2E) IP Mobile Network
Global IP
Network (Internet) GW
Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) across wireless and wireline
LAN
xDSL
End to
End IP
Handset
Smartphone
Personal Intelligent
Communicator
PCMCIA-Card
Phone
Notebook

19. QoS Framework for OWA E2E-IP Mobile Networks
End-to-End QoS
(IntServ/DiffServ Mix)
IntServ
Network Edge
DiffServ
Network Core
IntServ
Network Edge
Leaf
Router
Leaf
Router
Mobile
Host
Application
Server
Core
Router
QoS
API
OWA
RTT
RSVP
IPv6 Transport
All-IP Personal Communications
RSVP
QoS
API
OWA Classification/
Shaping/Marking
Classification/
Shaping
OWA Classification/
Shaping/Marking

20. 4G Smartphone – Separate OS with RTT

21. 4G Smartphone for Open MM Applications

22. Open Baseband Processing Platform

23. OWA Multi-band Transceiver

24. GSM/WiMax/TD-SCDMA 3-in-1 Cdma2000/W-LAN/WIMAX 3-in-1
OWA Product Definition (RF, BB, NET, OS, APP)
W-LAN/WCDMA/BT 3-in-1
GSM/WiMax/TD-SCDMA 3-in-1
Cdma2000/W-LAN/WIMAX 3-in-1
WiMax/cdma2000/MIMO 3-in-1
GSM/GPRS/UMTS/WLAN/WIMAX 5-in-1
Products change every 18 months, but architectures never change in at least 20 years

25. Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)
Interoperable Open Radio Access Technologies Provide Optimal Response to End User Needs
GPRS
EDGE
WIMAX
GSM
Satellite
PWLAN
UMTS FDD (W-CDMA)
UMTS TDD (TD-SCDMA)
Best for Spectrum Management Access vs. Mobile Spectrum Sharing Spectrum Recycling
Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)

26. Open Convergence – The Key for New Mobile Value Chain
Content Value Chain
Content creation
Content management
Content publishing/ provision
Context establishment (Portal)
Mobile Data Value Chain – Applications and Content are the Main Challenges and Opportunities in the New Mobile Data Value Chain
Telecommunication Value Chain
Middleware
Applications
Content
New!
Network
Operation
Equipment
Terminal
Service
provision
traditional
Requirement assessment
Application design
Application prototyping
Implemen- tation
Application provision
Application Value Chain
Growth opportunities for OWA players appear with new applications and content business
Open Convergence – The Key for New Mobile Value Chain
Source: Siemens

27. OWA 4G Investment Hotspots 4G Venture Technologies Open
Application & OS
Platform
Venture Technologies
Open
RF &
Antenna
Open
Network
Core
Terminal
Power
Spectrum
Management 4G
OWA
Radiation
& Safety
Security
Module
Control
Access
Control
Open
Signal
Processing

28. Founder of OWA Mobile Phone Technology
The future mobile phone can basically support any wireless standards by inserting different wireless interface SIM cards or multiple interfaces in one SIM card
---- referred to “LU Model” in the industry

29. For more 4G technical issues, visit: 9th WWC-4G Summit in San Jose, May at: 4Gsummit.com or other 4G mobile events at: 4Gmobile.com