1. National Innovation System Complexity, driving force, and efficiency National Innovation System Complexity, driving force, and efficiency Jinghai LI Chinese Academy of Sciences AAAS-CAST Workshop on Ethics Education in Science April 27, 2009, San Diego

2. 2 National Innovation system --- complixity

3. 3 National Innovation System(NIS): Knowledge TechnologyProfit Product Service Tax revenue Society Economy INDUSTRY MARKET S&T COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT Industrial R&D transfer marketing evaluation

4. 4 Common Pattern of NIS Knowledge Society Profit feedback Complex System Driving forces Fluxes Environment S&T community Industry Market Government

5. 5 Complexity of ethics in science Complicated interactions Diversity of activities Mulitplicity of dominants Global issue Global solution

6. 6 This workshop Spirit Moral Responsibility Honesty & credibility Trust and questioning Mutual respect Openness Quest of truth Respect of innovation Use of rigorous method Universal principle Social Ethical Legal

7. 7 National Innovation system --- driving forces

8. 8 Driving forces Physical Spiritual Legal Spirit Moral Motivation Investment Demand Talents Economy Society Humankind Policy Laws Regulations

9. 9 Economy Society Humankind Science & Technology Development Reputation Responsibility Indifference to scientific spirit Vocationalization Positive Negative

10. 10 National Innovation system --- efficiency

11. 11 1919 Proposals η 1 · η 2 · η 3 · η 4 = 0.6% 193 no output, 52% η 2 Scientific community 176 Products Techniques η 1 Sponsors 1550 rejected, 81% 369 Projects 124 not used,70% η 3 Industry 52 Market 24/17, failure η 4 Market 11 Successes Efficiencies of NIS: Modified from Arthur Ruf

12. 12 Knowledge TechniqueProfit Product Service Tax revenue National Innovation System: Society Economy INDUSTRY MARKET S&T COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT Industrial R&D transfer marketing evaluation

13. 13 Research × × Innovation Capability Proposal Project Research Achievement Product Market × Competition Success Enterprise Market Government Evaluation Total Efficiency × × Primary Efficiency Secondary Efficiency × Marketing Transfer

14. 14 Innovation capability -- Innovation capability -- Who is responsible ? Industry Government Investment Mechanism Scientific community Motivation Efficiency Market

15. 15 National Innovation system --- responsibility resolution

16. 16 Scientific Community

17. 17 190019201940196019802000 DNA Elementary particle Big Bang Continental drift model Von Neumann model MICRO: Quantum MEGA: Relativity Complex systems Evolution of Science Two extremum Meso-scale Spectrum of scales Dependence between Scales

18. 18 1.Whether or not the current knowledge organization match 2. How to optimize R&D in a specific field, such as energy ? field, such as energy ? Technology development ? Economy/society needs ? Potential !!

19. 19 Molecules Clusters Nano-structure Particles Reactors Factory Atoms Mega-City Informatio n Scientific Facilities Energ y Resources & Marine Sciences Ecology & Environment Industrial BioTechnology Sustainable Agriculture Materials Human Health & Medicine Interdisciplinary Frontiers Space Sciences Time Space Basic Laws Mathematics System Science Multi-Scale Re-mapping the spectrum of Knowledge &Technology Astro- Sciences Atom Molecular Nano- Process Earth, Space & Oceanic Sciences

20. 20 Energy Innovation System Solar Fuel cell Industry Building Traffic Living Material Machinery Electricity System Production Material Process System Coal, Oil, Gas Energy Saving Renewable Hydrogen, Fuel cell New energy Combustion Gasification Liquefaction Ken. Mech. Mech. Elec. Biomass Heat, Electricity Hydrogen Biomass Wind Water Material Catalyst System Coal-based Nuclear energy Conversion Solar-based Fission Fusion (ITER, IFE) Fuel Reactor Extract Waste Operating Equipment Hydrate Gasification / Catalysis Synthesis Separation Machinery Heat Mech. Elec. Kin. Mech. Material System Mass Chem. Heat Process Material Machinery BioTech System Scientific Problem Product featured S & T featured Common Technologies Mapping the Energy Science & Technology

21. 21 Energy System Fossil Energy Saving Renewable Energy New energy Nuclear energy Gasification / Catalysis Synthesis Separation Machinery Heat Mech. Elec. Kin. Mech. Material System Mass Chem. Heat Process Material Machinery BioTech System Scientific Problem Solution-Oriented S&T-Oriented Common Technologies Program Project Fundamental Research Funding Mechanisms:

22. 22 Nuclear Wind Biomass Solar Fossil Saving Bio- Materials Manufacture Process Systematic Integrating Resources:

23. 23 Re-construct knowledge system Match between Research, Nature & Society Stick to the scientific spirit In addition to asking for investment

24. 24 Government In addition to investment, what is critical?

25. 25 Motivation Driving force Principle: Knowledge TechniqueProfit Product Service Tax revenue Society Economy INDUSTRYMARKET S&T COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT Industrial R&D transfer marketing evaluation

26. 26 Conclusions

27. 27 Dominants Driving Forces Fluxes ? Environment

28. 28 Complexity in NIS Complex system Investment Flux=k* Driving forces Flux=f (Driving forces) Optimization Responsibility nonlinear Ethics!!

29. 29 Thanks for your attention !