1. Space Planning & Management Description Employ current understanding of potential of building stock (through undertaking building condition assessment and developing new standards for space management and scheduling) and use this as the basis for revising the campus master plan. Objective is to increase space and building use efficiency to limit the need for new construction. If growth rates experienced between 1980 and 2010 continue, CWRU is projected to add approximately 3.6 million new gross square footage by 2050. If this growth was limited, the capital costs, operating expenses and associated energy expenses would be avoided Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Draft specific Space Planning & Management policy that outlines discrete steps and processes that need to be put into place to enable this abatement opportunity. Define specific projects and objectives for the next X years. Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$)Incremental Cost of Renovations: $0 O&M (2010$)$2.84 / GSF Avoided Operating Cost Change in Demand Reduce Purchased Electricity demand by 54,000 MWh by 2050 Reduce Steam Demand by 303,000 MMBtu by 2050 Reduce CHW demand by 30,000 MMBtu by 2050 Change in Supply None Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Average Scope 2 Emissions by 74,000 MTCDE by 2050 Useful LifeLife of CAP Other SourceAEI, ES

2. Reduced Air Travel Description This option impacts 20% of air travel. The first 5 years will see a reduction of 10% of emissions associated with the 20% impacted air travel. Within 10 years, the above amount will be reduced by 15%. The increase use of telepresense will move this objective forward. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$)No Capital Costs O&M (2010$) $220.07: Air travel cost per GHG emitted $2,770,540: Avoided Operating Costs over life of project Change in Demand None Change in Supply None Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduction of Scope 3 Emissions by 850 MTCDE/ year Useful LifeLife of CAP Other $6,132,510: Total Air Travel Cost (2009) $220.07: Air travel cost per GHG emitted SourceSasaki, CWRU

3. Green Information Technology Description The university will explore means of transitioning to centralized energy management, including the integration of asset and power management software campus-wide. This will enable energy reductions through centralized IT management. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$)$28,000, spent over 3 years for software and implementation. O&M (2010$) $1.50 per computer/per year 14,000 computers Change in Demand Reduction in Electricity by 8,230 MWh per year Change in Supply None Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduction of Scope 2 emissions by 5,855 MTCDE/ year Useful LifeLife of CAP Other SourceAEI, CWRU (Jeff Gumpf)

4. Short-term Energy Conservation Measures Description The university will implement its already-developed program for installing campus-wide energy conservation measures. This measure targets the lowest hanging fruit of energy conservation potential. These ECMs have the shortest payback times, often under 2 years. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$)$1,950,000 spent over 5 years (~$390,000/year) O&M (2010$)$25,350,000 Incremental fuel savings Change in Demand Reduce Purchased Electricity demand by 6,500 MWh per year Reduce Natural Gas Demand by 56,300 klb per year Reduce CHW demand by 1,336,000 ton-hrs per year Change in Supply None Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2 Emissions by 13,700 MTCDE Start Date2011 Useful Life5 years Other SourceAEI / CWRU (Gene Mathews)

5. Conservation Outreach & Behavior Change Description Through a targeting and aggressive marketing effort, CWRU will reduce electricity consumption by campus population by a 3% reduction in 5 years and a 5% reduction in 10 years. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) $100,000 annual costs, years 1-5 (Human resources + promotional materials) $50,000 annual costs, year 5-10 (Human resources + promotional materials) O&M (2010$)$6,300,000 Incremental fuel savings Change in Demand Reduce Purchased Electricity demand by ~5,500 MWh per year Change in Supply None Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2 Emissions by 3,885 MTCDE Start Date2012 Useful Life10 years Other SourceSasaki/AEI

6. Mid-term Energy Conservation Measures Description The university will implement its already-developed program for installing campus-wide energy conservation measures. This measure targets the energy conservation measures that have 2-5 year payback. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$)$6,025,000 spent over 8 years (~$753,000/year) O&M (2010$)$25,350,000 Incremental fuel savings Change in Demand Reduce Purchased Electricity demand by 8,320 MWh per year Reduce Natural Gas Demand by 51,000 klb per year Reduce CHW demand by 577,000 ton-hrs per year Change in Supply None Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2 Emissions by 13,334 MTCDE Start Date2016 Useful Life8 years for full implementation Other SourceAEI / CWRU (Gene Mathews)

7. Steam Line Improvements Description The starting steam loss in the distribution network is 9%. In this measure, CWRU will invest in upgrades to the steam distribution loop, through the installation of new lines and abandoning the steam tunnel. This will lead to an improvement of steam loss by 4%. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$)$600,000 O&M (2010$)none Change in Demand Reduction in Steam Demand by 4% per year, approximately 40,000 MMBtu by 2050 Change in Supply None Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2 Emissions by 4,317 MTCDE Start Date2012 Useful Life25 Other SourceAEI / CWRU (Gene Mathews)

8. Long-term Energy Conservation Measures Description The university will implement its already-developed program for installing campus-wide energy conservation measures. This measure targets the energy conservation measures that have 2-5 year payback. Assumptions Time Frame Years 10-25 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$)$8,300,000 spent over 10 years (~$832,000/year) O&M (2010$)$25,350,000 Incremental fuel savings Change in Demand Reduce Purchased Electricity demand by 2,700 MWh per year Reduce Natural Gas Demand by 49,000 klb per year Reduce CHW demand by 1,400,000 ton-hrs per year Change in Supply None Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2 Emissions by 10,000 MTCDE Start Date2024 Useful Life10 years for full implementation Other SourceAEI / CWRU (Gene Mathews)

9. Building Design & Construction Standards Description Create building design and construction standards to ensure that construction of all new and renovated buildings employ aggressive energy standards as prime among all aspects of sustainability. The building design and construction standards will result in a 30% reduction in Business as Usual energy use intensity. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$)Premium for Green Building costs = 5% O&M (2010$)$2.84 / GSF Avoided Operating Cost Change in Demand Reduce Purchased Electricity demand by 54,800 MWh by 2050 Reduce Natural Gas Demand by 236,000 MMBtu by 20650 Reduce CHW demand by 10,800 MMBtu by 2050 Change in Supply None Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2 Emissions by 28,000 MTCDE Start Date2011 Useful LifeLife of CAP Other New Purchased Electricity EUI = 51 New Purchase Steam EUI = 61 New Purchased CHW EUI= 21 SourceAEI

10. Combined Heat & Power Description It is assumed that conversion to Natural Gas fueled Combined Heat & Power will take place in two phases. Phase I will be the additional of two new natural gas boilers; Boiler 7 & Boiler 8. It is assumed that these two boilers will be on-line at the beginning of calendar year 2014 and that the cost of these is already being incorporated into the CWRU rates. Between now and when these boilers are online no changes will take place in the fuel mix used to produce steam at the MCCo. Phase II will consist of a full conversion to a combined heat & power system. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) Phase I: Not valued for CAP, Phase II: $90MM (CHP), assumes that 40% to 45% MCCO load is attributable to CWRU and that same portion of cost will flow through to CWRU in rates adjustments. O&M (2010$) This analysis assumes that all avoided and incremental O&M with the switch to CHP will flow proportionately through to CWRU Change in Demand No incremental change in CWRU demand for electricity, steam and chilled water associated with this initiative. Change in Supply Reduction in electricity purchased from the grid through MCCo, but CWRU will still purchase all electricity and steam from MCCo Carbon Reduction in 2050 Average annual Scope 2 emission reductions: 65,000 MTCO2e Start Date2016 (online) Useful Life20 years (reinvestment in renewal of plant after 20 years) Other Source

11. Waste Reduction Description The campus will improve its recycling program to capture a greater proportion of materials already recycled and composted and to expand this program to include more materials. This initiative will focus on the activities of three campus entities: residential life, dining and food service, and general campus maintenance. There will be a reduction of 8% of solid waste-related emissions by 2017. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) None O&M (2010$)$5,000/year for community education Change in Energy Demand None Change in Energy Supply None Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 3 Emissions by 205 MTCDE Start Date2012 Useful LifeLife of CAP Other SourceSasaki/ CWRU

12. GeoExchange Heating and Cooling Description A geoexchange heating and cooling system will installed for 2 acres and 218 wells on CWRU campus property. This analysis assumes that the fields will be sited in close proximity to a balanced heating and cooling load with vertical wells of 300 linear feet.. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) $1,725,000 in 2018 O&M (2010$)$30,0000 Change in Energy Demand Reduction in Natural Gas Demand by 23,000 MMBtu Increase in Electricity Demand by 1,000 MWh Change in Energy Supply Source of 23,000 MMBtu of Natural Gas Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 3 Emissions by 1,360 MTCDE Start Date2020 Useful Life30 years Other SourceAEI

13. Solar Domestic Hot Water Description Solar thermal heating is a commercially available technology that employs the radiation from the sun to heat water for domestic use. This solar system is comprised of approximately 95 panels with a 3,000 gallon storage tank. This assumes a solar domestic hot water system will be installed one residential building. (Sherman Hall - North Residential Campus ). Emerson/Veale is also a candidate, but has not been modeled. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) $61,000 O&M (2010$)$0 Change in Energy Demand Reduction in Steam by 391 MMBtu Change in Energy Supply Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2 Emissions by 42 MTCDE Start Date2012 Useful Life25 years Other SourceAEI

14. Coal to Natural Gas Conversion @ Steam Plant Description Currently coal is combusted to produced steam. The university will pursue conversion of coal to natural gas, to be accomplished through the Medical Center Company. This measure proposes the conversion of 50% of coal combustion to a cleaner fuel of natural gas. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) $61,000 O&M (2010$)$0 Change in Energy Demand None Change in Energy Supply None, simply changing fuels to meet projected demand Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 3 Emissions by 24,100 MTCDE Start Date2015 Useful LifeLife of CAP Other SourceCWRU

15. Green Power Purchases Description $25.00 /MWh Premium per MWh. Current placeholder assumption is 50,000 MWh (roughly 20%of the current electricity purchased by Case). Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) $0 O&M (2010$)Increase in annual purchased electricity cost of $1,250,000 Change in Energy Demand None Change in Energy Supply None Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2 Emissions by 36,000 MTCDE Start Date2015 Useful LifeLife of CAP Other Displacement of 50,000 MWh (placeholder) with green electricity purchase SourceES

16. Unitary Chiller Upgrades Description This measure addresses the inefficiencies of older building level unitary chillers that can be replaced with higher efficiency systems. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) 2012 - $2,450,000 2013 - $2,775,000 2014 - $1,125,000 O&M (2010$)None Change in Energy Demand Electricity reduction of between 1,280 and 3,400 MWh Change in Energy Supply Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 3 Emissions by 2,375 MTCDE Start Date2012-2014 Useful Life20 years Other75% Utilization Rate SourceCWRU

17. Green Power Purchases – MCCo Reserve Fund Description It is assumed that the University will pay a premium of $0.005 for each kWh purchased through MCCo. The revenue from this premium will be placed into a reserve fund managed by MCCo until funds have accumulated sufficient to purchase a 2MW wind turbine and install it near Lake Erie. It is assumed that this premium will continue for 10 years and that 6 MW of wind will be installed. It is also assumed that savings from avoided electricity purchases from the grid will be reinvested into the reserve fund. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) $0 O&M (2010$)$640,000 per year for 10 years Change in Energy Demand None Change in Energy Supply By 2020 more than 9,000 MWh will be supplied by these wind turbines (assumes a 35% capacity factor) Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2 Emissions by 6,500 MTCDE Start Date2011 Useful Life20 years per turbine Other SourceES

18. Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Description Solar photovoltaic panels use the suns radiation to create electricity. This panels on CWRU campus would be tied directly into the campus electric grid. 572 kW of PV on campus buildings : 37 kW on Kelvin Smith Library and 525 kW on Parking Lot #61. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) $4,243,000 O&M (2010$)$0 Change in Energy Demand Change in Energy Supply Annual production of 700 MWh of electricity Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2 Emissions by 498 MTCDE Start Date2015 Useful Life25 years Other SourceAEI

19. Central Chiller Expansion Description Multiple phases of connecting additional CWRU building to MCCo central plant are anticipated. Phases I & II are underway and will result in the Millis Loop and the Crawford loop being connected. Phase III will result in the Nord Loop being connected. Phase IV will result in Bingham being connected. It is assumed that CWRU will be responsible for the indoor work and a portion of the soft costs and fees. The rest of the costs will flow through to CWRU in the form of rate increases. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) Phases I & II: $600K, Phase III: $1 million, Phase IV: $500K O&M (2010$) Rate increases: Phases I & II: $0.013 / ton-hr, Phase III: TBD, Phase IV: TBD Change in Energy Demand None Change in Energy Supply Avoided purchased electricity: XX MWh / year Carbon Reduction in 2050 XXX MTCDE / Year Start Date2011 Useful Life Other Source

20. Dish Stirling Description A Stirling engine is placed at the focal point of a large dish mirrors. 1000 kW nameplate capacity. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) $3,014,000 O&M (2010$)$140,000/year Change in Energy Demand Reduction of electricity by 762,000 kWh Change in Energy Supply Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2 Emissions by 405 MTCDE Start Date2015 Useful Life25 years Other8.7% capacity factory SourceAEI

21. Parabolic Description 890 kW nameplate capacity. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Capital (2010$) $8,000,000 O&M (2010$)$140,000/year Change in Energy Demand Reduction of electricity by 865,000 kWh Change in Energy Supply Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2 Emissions by 405 MTCDE Start Date2020 Useful Life25 years Other8.7% capacity factory SourceAEI

22. On-Site Wind Description The university will continue its collaboration with industry relative to wind energy generation. This includes research and a plan to install three wind turbines on or near campus. These will support university needs and provide local companies to test and launch commercialization of their wind energy- related technologies. Currently modeled is a 100 kW wind turbine on campus with an assumed capacity factor of 20%. Assumptions Time Frame Years 1-10 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Reinvest in plant after useful life? At what cost? Hold cost per kwh constant? Or increase? Capital (2010$) $100,000 O&M (2010$)$0 Change in Energy Demand None Change in Energy Supply Annual production of 175 MWh of electricity Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 2Emissions by 125 MTCDE Start Date2011 Useful LifeLife of CAP Other20 years SourceCWRU

23. Reduced Automobile Reliance Strategies Description Analyze and implement programs to reduce carbon associated with university commuting travel. This includes shifting to human-powered and mass transit and reducing work week and work-at-home opportunities. This will reduce the number of parking permits on campus. Assumptions Time Frame Years 10-20 Next Steps Issues & Opportunities Reinvest in plant after useful life? At what cost? Hold cost per kwh constant? Or increase? Capital (2010$) $100,000 years 1-5 $150,000 years 6-10 O&M (2010$) Change in Energy Demand None Change in Energy Supply Annual production of 175 MWh of electricity Carbon Reduction in 2050 Reduce Scope 3 Emissions by 1,600 MTCDE Start Date2020 Useful LifeLife of CAP Other SourceES