1. What is cholesterol? Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is naturally present in cell walls or membranes everywhere in the body. Your body uses cholesterol to produce many hormones, vitamin D, and the bile acids that help to digest fat. Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is naturally present in cell walls or membranes everywhere in the body. Your body uses cholesterol to produce many hormones, vitamin D, and the bile acids that help to digest fat. If you have too much cholesterol in your bloodstream, the excess may be deposited in the arteries of the heart, which could lead to heart disease. If you have too much cholesterol in your bloodstream, the excess may be deposited in the arteries of the heart, which could lead to heart disease. Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is naturally present in cell walls or membranes everywhere in the body. Your body uses cholesterol to produce many hormones, vitamin D, and the bile acids that help to digest fat. Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is naturally present in cell walls or membranes everywhere in the body. Your body uses cholesterol to produce many hormones, vitamin D, and the bile acids that help to digest fat. If you have too much cholesterol in your bloodstream, the excess may be deposited in the arteries of the heart, which could lead to heart disease. If you have too much cholesterol in your bloodstream, the excess may be deposited in the arteries of the heart, which could lead to heart disease.

2. What causes high cholesterol? Several drugs and diseases can cause high cholesterol !!Several drugs and diseases can cause high cholesterol !!high cholesterolhigh cholesterol however, for many people, a high-fat diet and inherited metabolic factors seem to be the main causes.however, for many people, a high-fat diet and inherited metabolic factors seem to be the main causes. Several drugs and diseases can cause high cholesterol !!Several drugs and diseases can cause high cholesterol !!high cholesterolhigh cholesterol however, for many people, a high-fat diet and inherited metabolic factors seem to be the main causes.however, for many people, a high-fat diet and inherited metabolic factors seem to be the main causes.

3. What are the symptoms of high cholesterol? High cholesterol doesn t have any symptoms. High cholesterol doesn t have any symptoms. The only way to know if you have high cholesterol is to have it checked, which can be done with a simple blood test, called a fasting lipoprotein profile The only way to know if you have high cholesterol is to have it checked, which can be done with a simple blood test, called a fasting lipoprotein profile High cholesterol doesn t have any symptoms. High cholesterol doesn t have any symptoms. The only way to know if you have high cholesterol is to have it checked, which can be done with a simple blood test, called a fasting lipoprotein profile The only way to know if you have high cholesterol is to have it checked, which can be done with a simple blood test, called a fasting lipoprotein profile

4. How often should I have my cholesterol checked? Government and physician-supported guidelines state that healthy adults who are aged 20 years or older should have a fasting lipoprotein profile done once every 5 years. Government and physician-supported guidelines state that healthy adults who are aged 20 years or older should have a fasting lipoprotein profile done once every 5 years.

5. How is cholesterol checked ? You may be asked to fast overnight before the test, hence its name. A fasting lipoprotein profile measures : You may be asked to fast overnight before the test, hence its name. A fasting lipoprotein profile measures : total cholesterol, LDL ("bad") cholesterol, HDL ("good") cholesterol, total cholesterol, LDL ("bad") cholesterol, HDL ("good") cholesterol, and triglycerides in your blood. and triglycerides in your blood. A cholesterol test can be done without fasting, but then only the levels of total cholesterol and HDL C ("good") can be used. A cholesterol test can be done without fasting, but then only the levels of total cholesterol and HDL C ("good") can be used. cholesterol test cholesterol test You may be asked to fast overnight before the test, hence its name. A fasting lipoprotein profile measures : You may be asked to fast overnight before the test, hence its name. A fasting lipoprotein profile measures : total cholesterol, LDL ("bad") cholesterol, HDL ("good") cholesterol, total cholesterol, LDL ("bad") cholesterol, HDL ("good") cholesterol, and triglycerides in your blood. and triglycerides in your blood. A cholesterol test can be done without fasting, but then only the levels of total cholesterol and HDL C ("good") can be used. A cholesterol test can be done without fasting, but then only the levels of total cholesterol and HDL C ("good") can be used. cholesterol test cholesterol test

6. Should I only be concerned with my total chol- number? Just knowing your total cholesterol isn t enough. Just knowing your total cholesterol isn t enough. Cholesterol is made up of 2 different types: HDL C ("good") cholesterol and HDL C ("good") cholesterol and LDL C ("bad") cholesterol. LDL C ("bad") cholesterol. HDL C is considered good because it helps keep LDL C ("bad") from building up in the walls of your arteries and causing blockage. HDL C is considered good because it helps keep LDL C ("bad") from building up in the walls of your arteries and causing blockage. You also need to know your level of triglycerides because high triglycerides also increase the risk of heart disease, especially in people with diabetes. You also need to know your level of triglycerides because high triglycerides also increase the risk of heart disease, especially in people with diabetes. Just knowing your total cholesterol isn t enough. Just knowing your total cholesterol isn t enough. Cholesterol is made up of 2 different types: HDL C ("good") cholesterol and HDL C ("good") cholesterol and LDL C ("bad") cholesterol. LDL C ("bad") cholesterol. HDL C is considered good because it helps keep LDL C ("bad") from building up in the walls of your arteries and causing blockage. HDL C is considered good because it helps keep LDL C ("bad") from building up in the walls of your arteries and causing blockage. You also need to know your level of triglycerides because high triglycerides also increase the risk of heart disease, especially in people with diabetes. You also need to know your level of triglycerides because high triglycerides also increase the risk of heart disease, especially in people with diabetes.

7. What kinds of problems are caused by high cholesterol? What kinds of problems are caused by high cholesterol? High cholesterol causes atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), which can lead to High cholesterol causes atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), which can lead toatherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) blocked coronary arteries, manifested by chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. Other serious problems, as blocked coronary arteries, manifested by chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. Other serious problems, aschest pain (angina)heart attackchest pain (angina)heart attack blocked arteries to the brain, causing threatened stroke (transient ischemic attack) and blocked arteries to the brain, causing threatened stroke (transient ischemic attack) and blocked arteries in the legs, causing pain, limping, and possibly even limb loss, are possible blocked arteries in the legs, causing pain, limping, and possibly even limb loss, are possible High cholesterol causes atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), which can lead to High cholesterol causes atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), which can lead toatherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) blocked coronary arteries, manifested by chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. Other serious problems, as blocked coronary arteries, manifested by chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. Other serious problems, aschest pain (angina)heart attackchest pain (angina)heart attack blocked arteries to the brain, causing threatened stroke (transient ischemic attack) and blocked arteries to the brain, causing threatened stroke (transient ischemic attack) and blocked arteries in the legs, causing pain, limping, and possibly even limb loss, are possible blocked arteries in the legs, causing pain, limping, and possibly even limb loss, are possible

8. What are the uncontrollable andcontrollable and risk factors for high cholesterol ?! The risk factors you cant control : The risk factors you cant control : your age (for men, 45 years or older; for women, 55 years or older) your age (for men, 45 years or older; for women, 55 years or older) your family history of early heart disease (for men, father or brother affected before age 55 years; for your family history of early heart disease (for men, father or brother affected before age 55 years; for women, mother or sister affected before age 65 years). women, mother or sister affected before age 65 years). The risk factors you can control are The risk factors you can control are lowering high blood cholesterol lowering high blood cholesterol which is high total cholesterol and high LDL C ("bad"); raising HDL C ("good") cholesterol. which is high total cholesterol and high LDL C ("bad"); raising HDL C ("good") cholesterol. The risk factors you cant control : The risk factors you cant control : your age (for men, 45 years or older; for women, 55 years or older) your age (for men, 45 years or older; for women, 55 years or older) your family history of early heart disease (for men, father or brother affected before age 55 years; for your family history of early heart disease (for men, father or brother affected before age 55 years; for women, mother or sister affected before age 65 years). women, mother or sister affected before age 65 years). The risk factors you can control are The risk factors you can control are lowering high blood cholesterol lowering high blood cholesterol which is high total cholesterol and high LDL C ("bad"); raising HDL C ("good") cholesterol. which is high total cholesterol and high LDL C ("bad"); raising HDL C ("good") cholesterol.

9. quitting smoking; quitting smoking; controlling high blood pressure; controlling high blood pressure; controlling diabetes; controlling diabetes; losing weight if overweight/obese; losing weight if overweight/obese; and keeping physically active. and keeping physically active. If you have diabetes, your risk of heart disease is high. To reduce your risk, If you have diabetes, your risk of heart disease is high. To reduce your risk, you will need to lower your cholesterol under the supervision of your doctor. you will need to lower your cholesterol under the supervision of your doctor. quitting smoking; quitting smoking; controlling high blood pressure; controlling high blood pressure; controlling diabetes; controlling diabetes; losing weight if overweight/obese; losing weight if overweight/obese; and keeping physically active. and keeping physically active. If you have diabetes, your risk of heart disease is high. To reduce your risk, If you have diabetes, your risk of heart disease is high. To reduce your risk, you will need to lower your cholesterol under the supervision of your doctor. you will need to lower your cholesterol under the supervision of your doctor.

10. What the Numbers Mean Cholesterol is measured in milligrams per deciliters (mg/dL) of blood.. Desirable – Less than 200 mg/dL Desirable – Less than 200 mg/dL Borderline High Risk – 200-239 mg/dL Borderline High Risk – 200-239 mg/dL High Risk – 240 mg/dL and above High Risk – 240 mg/dL and above Cholesterol is measured in milligrams per deciliters (mg/dL) of blood.. Desirable – Less than 200 mg/dL Desirable – Less than 200 mg/dL Borderline High Risk – 200-239 mg/dL Borderline High Risk – 200-239 mg/dL High Risk – 240 mg/dL and above High Risk – 240 mg/dL and above However, the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with these levels of chol- and trig- will depend upon the presence or absence of other risk factors, such as the presence of known cardiovascular disease (heart attack, stroke), hypertension, age & positive family history &diabetes& sex & smoking However, the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with these levels of chol- and trig- will depend upon the presence or absence of other risk factors, such as the presence of known cardiovascular disease (heart attack, stroke), hypertension, age & positive family history &diabetes& sex & smoking

11. Your HDL cholesterol level will fall into 1 of 3 categories: High (Desirable) – 60 mg/dL and above High (Desirable) – 60 mg/dL and above Acceptable – 40-59 mg/dL Acceptable – 40-59 mg/dL Low – 40 mg/dL and less Low – 40 mg/dL and lessTriglycerides A high level of trig- may be a sign of a lipoprotein problem that contributes to heart disease. A high level of trig- may be a sign of a lipoprotein problem that contributes to heart disease. Your triglyceride level will fall into 1 of 4 categories: Normal – Less than 150 mg/dL Normal – Less than 150 mg/dL Borderline High – 150-199 mg/dL Borderline High – 150-199 mg/dL High – 200-499 mg/dL High – 200-499 mg/dL Very High – 500 mg/dL and above Very High – 500 mg/dL and above Your HDL cholesterol level will fall into 1 of 3 categories: High (Desirable) – 60 mg/dL and above High (Desirable) – 60 mg/dL and above Acceptable – 40-59 mg/dL Acceptable – 40-59 mg/dL Low – 40 mg/dL and less Low – 40 mg/dL and lessTriglycerides A high level of trig- may be a sign of a lipoprotein problem that contributes to heart disease. A high level of trig- may be a sign of a lipoprotein problem that contributes to heart disease. Your triglyceride level will fall into 1 of 4 categories: Normal – Less than 150 mg/dL Normal – Less than 150 mg/dL Borderline High – 150-199 mg/dL Borderline High – 150-199 mg/dL High – 200-499 mg/dL High – 200-499 mg/dL Very High – 500 mg/dL and above Very High – 500 mg/dL and above

12. LDL cholesterol is considered the bad cholesterol. Your risk of heart disease goes up if you have a high level of LDL cholesterol in your blood. Your LDL chole- level will fall into 1of 5 categories: Optimal – Less than 100 mg/dL Optimal – Less than 100 mg/dL Near Optimal/Above Optimal – 100-129mg/dl Near Optimal/Above Optimal – 100-129mg/dl Borderline High – 130-159 mg/dL Borderline High – 130-159 mg/dL High – 160-189 mg/dL High – 160-189 mg/dL Very High – 190 mg/dL and above Very High – 190 mg/dL and above LDL cholesterol is considered the bad cholesterol. Your risk of heart disease goes up if you have a high level of LDL cholesterol in your blood. Your LDL chole- level will fall into 1of 5 categories: Optimal – Less than 100 mg/dL Optimal – Less than 100 mg/dL Near Optimal/Above Optimal – 100-129mg/dl Near Optimal/Above Optimal – 100-129mg/dl Borderline High – 130-159 mg/dL Borderline High – 130-159 mg/dL High – 160-189 mg/dL High – 160-189 mg/dL Very High – 190 mg/dL and above Very High – 190 mg/dL and above

13. What can I do to prevent high cholesterol? The primary prevention of high cholesterol is to adopt a healthy lifestyle. This lifestyle should include 30-60 minutes a day of exercise on most or all days of the week, This lifestyle should include 30-60 minutes a day of exercise on most or all days of the week, a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, and not smoking. and not smoking. The primary prevention of high cholesterol is to adopt a healthy lifestyle. This lifestyle should include 30-60 minutes a day of exercise on most or all days of the week, This lifestyle should include 30-60 minutes a day of exercise on most or all days of the week, a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, and not smoking. and not smoking.

14. When would a doctor prescribe a medication to lower cholesterol? If you have high cholesterol, the main goal of a treatment program is to lower your LDL ("bad") cholesterol level. There are 2 main ways to lower your LDL cholesterol level: 1-lifestyle changes and 2- drug treatment. Lifestyle changes include a Lifestyle changes include aLifestyle changesLifestyle changes low-saturated fat, low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol diet; low-cholesterol diet; exercise; and exercise; and weight loss if you are overweight. weight loss if you are overweight. If you have high cholesterol, the main goal of a treatment program is to lower your LDL ("bad") cholesterol level. There are 2 main ways to lower your LDL cholesterol level: 1-lifestyle changes and 2- drug treatment. Lifestyle changes include a Lifestyle changes include aLifestyle changesLifestyle changes low-saturated fat, low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol diet; low-cholesterol diet; exercise; and exercise; and weight loss if you are overweight. weight loss if you are overweight.

15. If following a healthy diet, exercising, and losing weight don t lower your risk for heart disease, then your doctor might prescribe a medication to help lower your cholesterol then your doctor might prescribe a medication to help lower your cholesterol Even if your doctor does prescribe a medication you must still follow you must still follow your healthy diet, your healthy diet, be more physically active, be more physically active, stop cigarette smoking if you smoke, stop cigarette smoking if you smoke, and control your other risk factors : and control your other risk factors : (e.g., high blood pressure, diabetes) for heart disease. (e.g., high blood pressure, diabetes) for heart disease. If following a healthy diet, exercising, and losing weight don t lower your risk for heart disease, then your doctor might prescribe a medication to help lower your cholesterol then your doctor might prescribe a medication to help lower your cholesterol Even if your doctor does prescribe a medication you must still follow you must still follow your healthy diet, your healthy diet, be more physically active, be more physically active, stop cigarette smoking if you smoke, stop cigarette smoking if you smoke, and control your other risk factors : and control your other risk factors : (e.g., high blood pressure, diabetes) for heart disease. (e.g., high blood pressure, diabetes) for heart disease.

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