1. Diets and Energy

2. We are Getting FAT With over half of the American population being overweight, the diet craze has swept the nation. With over half of the American population being overweight, the diet craze has swept the nation.

3. Glycemic Index Not all carbohydrate foods are created equal Not all carbohydrate foods are created equal The glycemic index or GI describes this difference by ranking carbohydrates according to their effect on our blood glucose levels. The glycemic index or GI describes this difference by ranking carbohydrates according to their effect on our blood glucose levels.

4. Glycemic Index Choosing low GI carbs - the ones that produce only small fluctuations in our blood glucose - Choosing low GI carbs - the ones that produce only small fluctuations in our blood glucose - is the secret to long-term health reducing your risk of heart disease and diabetes and is the key to sustainable weight loss. is the secret to long-term health reducing your risk of heart disease and diabetes and is the key to sustainable weight loss.

5. Glycemic Index LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX FOODS LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX FOODS (choose most often ) (choose most often ) Skim milk Plain Yogurt Soy beverage Apple/plum/orange Sweet potato Oat bran bread Oatmeal (slow cook oats) All-Bran Converted or Parboiled rice Pumpernickel bread Firm pasta Lentils/kidney/baked beans Chick peas Skim milk Plain Yogurt Soy beverage Apple/plum/orange Sweet potato Oat bran bread Oatmeal (slow cook oats) All-Bran Converted or Parboiled rice Pumpernickel bread Firm pasta Lentils/kidney/baked beans Chick peas HIGH GLYCEMIC INDEX FOODS (choose less often) HIGH GLYCEMIC INDEX FOODS (choose less often) Watermelon Instant mashed potatoes Baked white potato Instant rice Corn Flakes Rice Krispies Cheerios Bagel, white Soda crackers Jellybeans French fries Ice cream Table sugar (sucrose) Watermelon Instant mashed potatoes Baked white potato Instant rice Corn Flakes Rice Krispies Cheerios Bagel, white Soda crackers Jellybeans French fries Ice cream Table sugar (sucrose)

6. Common Diets The Atkins Diet (Low Carb / High Fat) The Atkins Diet (Low Carb / High Fat) The South Beach Diet (Good Carb / Fat) The South Beach Diet (Good Carb / Fat) Slim Fast (Meal Replacements) Slim Fast (Meal Replacements) The Zone Diet (Balanced Diet) The Zone Diet (Balanced Diet) Weight Watchers (Low Calorie / Low Fat) Weight Watchers (Low Calorie / Low Fat)

9. Atkins Diet (Low Carb / High Protein/Fat) Advantages: Advantages: Ability to eat food normally disallowed on Low-Fat diets (i.e. Meat, Cream, Cheese.) Ability to eat food normally disallowed on Low-Fat diets (i.e. Meat, Cream, Cheese.) Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Vegetarian Unfriendly. Vegetarian Unfriendly. Low amounts of dietary fiber (found in complex carbohydrates) can contribute to constipation or diarrhea. Low amounts of dietary fiber (found in complex carbohydrates) can contribute to constipation or diarrhea. Doesnt comply with American Heart Association guidelines for a healthy heart. Doesnt comply with American Heart Association guidelines for a healthy heart.

10. Food Choices on Atkins Do Eat: Red meat, eggs, cheese, butter, nuts. Do Eat: Red meat, eggs, cheese, butter, nuts. Dont Eat: Potatoes, rice, pasta, bread, sweets, alcohol and caffeine. Dont Eat: Potatoes, rice, pasta, bread, sweets, alcohol and caffeine. The Atkins diet also holds a heavy emphasis on nutritional supplements and exercise, as well as regular testing to monitor levels of cholesterol, blood pressure and triglycerides. The Atkins diet also holds a heavy emphasis on nutritional supplements and exercise, as well as regular testing to monitor levels of cholesterol, blood pressure and triglycerides.

12. South Beach Diet (Good Carb / Good Fat) What is it? What is it? A diet that emphasizes eating only the right fats and the right carbohydrates after going through 3 phases – The best of both worlds. A diet that emphasizes eating only the right fats and the right carbohydrates after going through 3 phases – The best of both worlds. How does it work? How does it work? Complex carbohydrates are slow in releasing sugar to the bloodstream, thus leaving you feeling satisfied and energetic for longer periods of time. Complex carbohydrates are slow in releasing sugar to the bloodstream, thus leaving you feeling satisfied and energetic for longer periods of time.

13. South Beach Diet (Good Carb / Good Fat) Advantages: Advantages: Based on the Glycemic Index, which most nutritionists consider a valid tool in composing a diet plan. Based on the Glycemic Index, which most nutritionists consider a valid tool in composing a diet plan. Gradual weight loss after Phase 1. A plan intended to be used for life. Gradual weight loss after Phase 1. A plan intended to be used for life. Takes heart health into consideration. Takes heart health into consideration. Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Phase 1 of 3 call for drastic carbohydrate restriction, causing high dropout rates and a serious test of willpower. Phase 1 of 3 call for drastic carbohydrate restriction, causing high dropout rates and a serious test of willpower. Promises of losing 8-13 Lbs. in the first two weeks is unhealthy, and is likely to be regained once Phase 1 ends and less restrictive eating continues. Promises of losing 8-13 Lbs. in the first two weeks is unhealthy, and is likely to be regained once Phase 1 ends and less restrictive eating continues.

14. South Beach Food Choices The South Beach Diet relies on the Glycemic Index. After phase 1, the diet calls for foods low on the Glycemic Index contain complex carbohydrates. The following foods are recommended: The South Beach Diet relies on the Glycemic Index. After phase 1, the diet calls for foods low on the Glycemic Index contain complex carbohydrates. The following foods are recommended: Lean meat, chicken, fish, eggs, low-fat cheese, some nuts and olive oil the good fats. Lean meat, chicken, fish, eggs, low-fat cheese, some nuts and olive oil the good fats.

17. Slim Fast (Meal Replacements) What is it? What is it? Drinking two shakes a day to replace two meals, followed by one regular meal. Drinking two shakes a day to replace two meals, followed by one regular meal. How does it work? How does it work? Creating a calorie deficit by reducing calorie intake to nearly 1200 kcal's per day. Creating a calorie deficit by reducing calorie intake to nearly 1200 kcal's per day.

18. Slim Fast (Meal Replacements) Advantages: Advantages: Quick and convenient. Quick and convenient. Drinks designed to make you feel full. Drinks designed to make you feel full. Flexible, hardly any dietary restrictions. Flexible, hardly any dietary restrictions. Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Not necessarily great-tasting. Not necessarily great-tasting. Hard to stick with. Repetitive. Hard to stick with. Repetitive. Low on Protein (encourages muscle loss – most weight loss will come from muscle). Low on Protein (encourages muscle loss – most weight loss will come from muscle).

19. Slim Fast Food Options Slim Fast emphasizes a sensible dinner to go along with one replaced meal of a shake. Slim Fast emphasizes a sensible dinner to go along with one replaced meal of a shake. Slim Fast allows for only 1200 calories a day. This is very dangerous, and this diet is not recommended. Slim Fast allows for only 1200 calories a day. This is very dangerous, and this diet is not recommended. No foods are forbidden - but the following are recommended: No foods are forbidden - but the following are recommended: Lean meat – such as poultry or fish; Lean meat – such as poultry or fish; Vegetables; Vegetables; Fruits; Fruits; Legumes – such as potatoes. Legumes – such as potatoes.

22. The Zone Diet (Balanced Ratios) What is it? What is it? A diet containing 40% carbohydrates, 30% proteins, and 30% fats lowers insulin levels and controls hunger. A diet containing 40% carbohydrates, 30% proteins, and 30% fats lowers insulin levels and controls hunger. How does it work? How does it work? Using a 40-30-30 ratio, the goal is to find the zone where life in general is just better. The natural buzz. Using a 40-30-30 ratio, the goal is to find the zone where life in general is just better. The natural buzz.

23. The Zone Diet (Balanced Ratios) Advantages: Advantages: Non-Restrictive in food choices. Non-Restrictive in food choices. If you find the zone, weight loss occurs gradually and life in general is better. If you find the zone, weight loss occurs gradually and life in general is better. Balances insulin and glucagon. Balances insulin and glucagon. Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Hard to calculate and find the zone. Hard to calculate and find the zone. May not suit the energy needs of a typical college student. May not suit the energy needs of a typical college student.

24. Food Choices on The Zone Diet Fairly non-restrictive. However, the daily caloric intake for this diet is determined by your protein requirements - which can lead to incredibly low daily caloric intake. Fairly non-restrictive. However, the daily caloric intake for this diet is determined by your protein requirements - which can lead to incredibly low daily caloric intake.

26. Weight Watchers (Low Calorie / Low Fat) What is it? What is it? Weight Watchers is a sustainable (2 pounds per week) diet based on changing eating habits with a life-long goal of nutritious eating. Weight Watchers is a sustainable (2 pounds per week) diet based on changing eating habits with a life-long goal of nutritious eating. How does it work? How does it work? Weight Watchers depends on a support system for their dieters. Weight Watchers depends on a support system for their dieters. Dieters are guided through a point system that helps them determine what they should or shouldnt be eating, Dieters are guided through a point system that helps them determine what they should or shouldnt be eating, Through fundamentally sound eating, weight is lost. Through fundamentally sound eating, weight is lost.

27. Weight Watchers (Low Calorie / Low Fat) Advantages: Advantages: Ongoing support and advice. Ongoing support and advice. Steady, long-term weight loss. Steady, long-term weight loss. Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Cost of classes ($10-15 per class, plus other fees). Cost of classes ($10-15 per class, plus other fees). Point/Calorie system does not take into account other nutritional considerations. Point/Calorie system does not take into account other nutritional considerations. The group meetings can be daunting or threatening to some. The group meetings can be daunting or threatening to some.

28. Food Choices on Weight Watchers All major food groups included. All major food groups included. Weight watchers offers a wide variety of food groups – so cravings tend to be less of an issue than with other diets. Weight watchers offers a wide variety of food groups – so cravings tend to be less of an issue than with other diets. Good for Vegetarians. Good for Vegetarians.

29. At the end of the day Do Diets Really Work? Do Diets Really Work? YES! All diets work They stop people from eating so much

30. At the end of the day Pick a diet that best suits your goals, and go in with a realistic frame of mind. Pick a diet that best suits your goals, and go in with a realistic frame of mind. What will determine weight loss is the ratio of calories intake vs. calories burned. What will determine weight loss is the ratio of calories intake vs. calories burned.

31. Other Diet Tips When following a diet, allow cheat meals at least once a week as to prevent dropout. What matters at the end of the week is if more calories come in than are used… A surplus one day wont kill you! When following a diet, allow cheat meals at least once a week as to prevent dropout. What matters at the end of the week is if more calories come in than are used… A surplus one day wont kill you! Examine the reasons for overeating: To clean your plate? Stressed? Angry? Examine the reasons for overeating: To clean your plate? Stressed? Angry? Do not eat until full - sometimes the best exercise is pushing yourself away from a plate. Do not eat until full - sometimes the best exercise is pushing yourself away from a plate. Do not forget the importance of water and a multivitamin. Do not forget the importance of water and a multivitamin.

32. Diet Medicines In the fall of 1997, fenfluramine (the fen half of the popular fen-phen drug combination) and In the fall of 1997, fenfluramine (the fen half of the popular fen-phen drug combination) and Redux (dexfenfluramine) were recalled after the drugs were linked to potentially fatal heart valve abnormalities Redux (dexfenfluramine) were recalled after the drugs were linked to potentially fatal heart valve abnormalities

33. Florida becomes first state to ban Fen-Phen use

34. Diet Medicines Xenical (orlistat) Xenical (orlistat) Unlike other weight- loss medicines, orlistat works by keeping your body from digesting some of the fat that you eat. Unlike other weight- loss medicines, orlistat works by keeping your body from digesting some of the fat that you eat. It is not without side effects - infrequent. It is not without side effects - infrequent.

35. Diet Medicines Meridia (sibutramine) Meridia (sibutramine) Meridia is a class of drug known as a serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors. Serotonin is a chemical released in the brain after you have eaten a meal, which makes you feel full. Meridia is a class of drug known as a serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors. Serotonin is a chemical released in the brain after you have eaten a meal, which makes you feel full.

36. Diet Medicines Tenuate (diethylpropion) Tenuate (diethylpropion) Tenuate is a similar to an amphetamine. Tenuate stimulates the central nervous system (nerves and brain), which increases your heart rate and blood pressure and decreases your appetite Tenuate is a similar to an amphetamine. Tenuate stimulates the central nervous system (nerves and brain), which increases your heart rate and blood pressure and decreases your appetite It is addicting! It is addicting!

37. Diet Medicines Ephedra, ephedrine or caffeine Ephedra, ephedrine or caffeine Although some weight-loss supplements containing ephedra, ephedrine or caffeine are available without a prescription, it is not known whether these drugs are safe. Such supplements have been linked to reports of heart attack, seizure, stroke and death Although some weight-loss supplements containing ephedra, ephedrine or caffeine are available without a prescription, it is not known whether these drugs are safe. Such supplements have been linked to reports of heart attack, seizure, stroke and death

38. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

40. Lose in 2 ways Lose in 2 ways 1. People cant eat as much – smaller stomach 2. Malabsorption because of less of the duodenum.

41. Man Who Weighed 1,000 Pounds Down to 400 Man Who Weighed 1,000 Pounds Down to 400 By Associated Press

42. SIOUX FALLS, S.D. – Patrick Deuel, who once weighed more than 1,000 pounds, has lost another 81 pounds in a surgery that removed a mass of fat and skin hanging from his midsection Patrick Deuel, who once weighed more than 1,000 pounds, has lost another 81 pounds in a surgery that removed a mass of fat and skin hanging from his midsection With the surgery, Deuel now weighs about 400 pounds

43. Brandon Brandon lost 83 pounds in 3 months Brandon lost 83 pounds in 3 months Surgery date: 10/28/04 Surgery date: 10/28/04 Beginning weight: 420 Beginning weight: 420 Current weight: 250 Current weight: 250

44. Carli

45. Angie