1. South Africa and Apartheid A country of contrasts Simonetta Gatto Istituto Comprensivo di Casella (GE)

2. The Republic of South Africa is in the south of the African continent.

3. The borders Northwest: Namibia North: Botswana Northeast: Zimbabwe and Mozambique East: Swaziland. Southwest: Atlantic Ocean Southeast: Indian Ocean Enclave: Lesotho

4. Enclaves What is an enclave? It is a country within the territory of another How many enclaves are there in the world? Three: Lesotho, the Vatican and the Republic of San Marino.

5. Physical map South Africa is located at the southern tip of Africa. It has a long coastline of about 2,500 km (1,553 miles) and two oceans: Atlantic and Indian. The interior is a vast and flat land. The north is dry because of the desert. The mountain ranges are the Drakensberg Mountains and the Roggeveld Mountains.

6. Political map Constitutional parliamentary republic 9 provinces Capital cities: Pretoria (executive), Bloemfontein (judicial), Cape Town (legislative) Indipendence: from the UK in 1910 Population: 49 million people (70% black, 9% coloured, 9% white, 3% Asian) Languages: South African English and Africaans

7. The Head of State The President of the Republic is Mr Jacob Zuma. He was born in 1942 and was elected by Parliament after the victory of his party in general election in 2009. His party is the African national Congress (ANC)

8. What was Apartheid? It was a system of government from 1948 to 1990. This Afrikaans word means separation: the whites were separated from the black Africans and other minorities. The white minority ruled the country and the black majority did not have any rights.

9. How did the world react to Apartheid? A lot of countries boycotted South Africa during Apartheid: they refused to buy its products. Film and pop stars refused to perform in South Africa

10. The world of sports against Apartheid South Africa was absent from international sport events for most of the apartheid era due to sanctions A lot of teams and champions refused to compete either in South Africa or against South Africa

11. The first black president: Nelson Mandela He was the most important antiapartheid leader He spent 27 years in prison for his ideas In 1994 he became the first black president after the first free elections in South Africa: for the first time the black people could vote in their own country.

12. Economy: one fifth of the African products are from South Africa The most important products are: Gold Diamonds Wine: the eighth producer in the world Tourism

13. Tourists come to South Africa to see the game parks The big five: Elephant Buffalo Lion Leopard Rhyno

14. National sports

15. Other popular sports Rugby Running Netball Surfing Boxing