1. Online Counseling Resource YCMOU ELearning Drive…
31-Mar-17
Online Counseling Resource YCMOU ELearning Drive…
School of Architecture, Science and Technology
Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University, Nashik – , India
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2. OC-SBT051-U01-02 Introduction
31-Mar-17
OC-SBT051-U01-02 Introduction
Programmes and Courses
SEP – SBT051 – Unit 01
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31-Mar-17
Credits
Academic Inputs by
Arun Punaji More.
M.Sc. (Microbiology)
Experience: 11 Years
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4. How to Use This Resource
31-Mar-17
How to Use This Resource
Counselor at each study center should use this presentation to deliver lecture of minutes during Face-To-Face counseling.
Discussion about students difficulties or tutorial with assignments should follow the lecture for about minutes.
Handouts (with 6 slides on each A4 size page) of this presentation should be provided to each student.
Each student should discuss on the discussion forum all the terms which could not be understood. This will improve his writing skills and enhance knowledge level about topics, which shall be immensely useful for end exam.
Appear several times, for all the Self-Tests, available for this course.
Student can use handouts for last minutes preparation just before end exam.
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5. © 2007, YCMOU. All Rights Reserved.
31-Mar-17
Learning Objectives
After studying this module, you should be able to:
Describe the procedure of inoculum development.
Discuss various parameters in inoculum development.
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Introduction
Productivity and yield of fermentation product depends upon number of factors that control fermentation processes directly or indirectly.
It is science as well as art to extract maximum productivity and yield from a given fermentation process.
A successful fermentation always start with a good fermenting strain and culture of such strain in appropriate density and healthy state.
Therefore successful fermentation process start with a excellent inoculum developed to obtain maximum possible productivity and yield.
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7. Inoculum Development - 1
Inoculum development involves a series of steps
To obtain seed culture in appropriate proportion and
Healthy state that give maximum productivity and yield.
Inoculum development should satisfy following criteria:
Inoculum culture should be sufficiently in large volume so as to minimize the lag phage and
Therefore reduce the total fermentation time.
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8. Inoculum Development - 2
Other Criteria:
Inoculum culture should be in healthy and actively growing state.
Inoculum culture must be free from contamination.
Inoculum culture should be stable phenotypically as well as genetically throughout the entire fermentation process.
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9. Inoculum Development - 3
Inoculum development for bacterial culture:-
Lyophilized Stock culture
Agar slope culture
Incubated for 4 days at
optimum condition.
Seed culture
first stage seed culture to
Increase load of
microorganisms
Per mL volume of medium.
Seed culture 2nd stage
Production seed culture
Adjustment of final volume
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10. Inoculum Development - 4
Steps in inoculum development:-
1. Transfer of preserved culture
To flasks for growth.
2.Pooling of culture from three
Flasks to one big flask.
3. Transfer of pooled culture to
Seed fermenter.
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11. Inoculum Development - 5
Inoculum development for bacterial culture:-
For bacterial fermentation the size of inoculum is optimized at 3% to 10% of the total volume of production fermentation medium.
Time of transfer of this inoculum also determine the total time of fermentation time.
Usually the inoculum at its log phase of growth is transferred aseptically to production fermentation vessel.
Composition of inoculum medium and production medium is usually kept identical to minimize the lag period of the inoculum culture in the fermetation process.
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12. Inoculum development - 6
Inoculum development for mycelial culture:-
Since most of mycelial fungi and streptomycetes are capable of producing spore asexually.
Therefore spores are used to prepare inoculum culture in fermentation involving these kind of microorganisms.
Thus the first stage in preparation of inoculum of spore suspension is production of large amount of spores on a suitable medium in lab.
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Production of Spores
Following three techniques are used to produce spores in laboratory.
Production of spores on solidified medium
Production of spores on solid media
Production of spores on submerged culture
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Production of Spores - 1
Production of spores on solidified medium:-
Large surface area of agar is provided as in the case of roll-bottle technique described by Parker(1950) for the production of spores of Penicillium chrysogenum (penicillin fermentation). In this technique medium containing 3% agar is sterilized in 1 dm3 cylindrical bottle which is thereafter cooled by rotating the bottle so as to solidify the agar uniformly on the internal entire surface of the bottle giving 300 cm3 area.
On this agar surface then the spores are inoculated and incubated at 24oC for 6 to 7 days.
Most suitable for number of actinomycetes spore production.
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Production of Spores - 2
Production of spores on solid media:-
Cereal grains such as barley, hard wheat bran, ground maize and rice are widely used as solid media for the production of spores of number of filamentous microorganisms.
These types of media are suitable and widely used to produce spores of Penicillium, Cephalosporium and Aspergillus.
Most suitable for number of actinomycetes spore production since their spores cannot be produced in submerged culture.
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Production of Spores - 3
Production of spores on submerged culture:-
This technique is more suitable for large scale production of spores because, this technique is easy to operate aseptically.
Spores of Penicillium notatum, griseofulvin producing Penicillium patulum.
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17. Inoculum Development - 7
Inoculum development for mycelial culture:-
For fermentation by mycelial microorganisms, fermentation time, yield and productivity of fermentation depends upon the morphological forms of these organisms.
E.g. mycelial form is desirable for the optimum production of streptomycin by Streptomyces griseus.
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18. Inoculum Development - 8
Inoculum development for mycelial culture:-
For mycelial microorganisms, morphological forms depend upon the
concentration of spores in inoculum culture.
composition of inoculum culture.
High concentration of spores i.e. 10.0x105 dm-3 in inoculum culture give rise to mycelial form of growth in production medium.
Low concentration of spore i.e. 2.0x105 dm-3 give rise to pellets formation in production medium.
Chemically defined medium give rise to pellets form of growth in production medium.
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19. © 2007, YCMOU. All Rights Reserved.
What we Learn……….
Successful fermentation process start with a excellent inoculum developed to obtain maximum possible productivity and yield.
Inoculum development involves a series of steps
To obtain seed culture in appropriate proportion and
Healthy state that give maximum productivity and yield.
Inoculum culture should be sufficiently in large volume so as to minimize the lag phage and therefore reduce the total fermentation time.
Inoculum culture should be
in healthy and actively growing state, must be free from contamination and should be stable phenotypically as well as genetically throughout the entire fermentation process
3 techniques are used to produce spores in laboratory.
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20. Critical Thinking Questions
31-Mar-17
Critical Thinking Questions
Q1. How stage and size of inoculum effect the overall cost of fermentation process?
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21. Hints for Critical Thinking Questions
31-Mar-17
Hints for Critical Thinking Questions
Right stage and size of inoculum increases fermentation products yield.
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Study Tips
Book
Title: Principles of Fermentation Technology.
Author: P. F. Stanbury, A. Whitaker and S. J. Hall.
Publication: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Title: Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology.
Editors: E.M.T. El-Mansi , C.F.A. Bryce , A.L. Demain , A.R. Allman.
Publication: Taylor and Francis group.
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23. End of the Presentation
31-Mar-17
End of the Presentation
Thank You !
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