1. Integrated Flood Management As a Development Policy
WMO
Training Workshop on Integrated Flood Management
for countries in Western Asia and the Arab region
11-14 May 2009, Esteghlal Hotel, Tehran, Iran
Integrated Flood Management
As a Development Policy
AVINASH TYAGI
Director, Climate and Water
WMO: Climate and Water Department

2. Sustainable Development
Development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
 In the flood management context mainly on the viability of floodplain use in the long term

3. Integrated Flood Management
Flood Management in the context of Integrated Water Resources Management, aiming at:
Sustainable development: balancing development needs and flood risks
Maximizing net benefits from floodplains: ensure livelihood security and poverty alleviation thereby addressing vulnerability
Minimizing loss of life: in particular through end-to-end FF&W Systems and preparedness planning for extreme events
Environmental preservation: ecosystem health & services

4. Integrated Flood Management
Integrated Flood Management (IFM) refers to the integration of land and water management in a river basin using a combination of measures that focus on coping with floods within a framework of IWRM and adopting risk management principles while recognizing that floods have beneficial impacts and can never be fully controlled.

5. Characteristics of IFM
Recognition that a river basin is a dynamic system with many interactions/fluxes between land and water bodies

6. Characteristics of IFM
Linkages between upstream changes
and downstream effects and vice-versa
Land use plans and water management to be combined in synthesized plan through co-ordination between land management and water management authorities
Upstream changes in land use can drastically change the characteristics of a flood and associated water quality and sediment transport characteristics. Upstream urbanization can cause an accentuation of flood peaks and their early occurrence in downstream reaches. Using low lying depressions that play an important role in flood attenuation for dumping solid waste may worsen hygienic conditions and increase flood peaks in downstream reaches during floods. Ignoring these linkages in the past has lead to failures. These linkages need to be recognized, understood and accounted for to lead to synergies in improving river basin performance in several different ways simultaneously. Taking advantage of these potential synergies will, however, require a wider perspective of the issues of development of the river basin in its entirety, rather than attempting to resolve local problems in an isolated manner.
By adopting a functional approach to flood management, a problem orientation is an almost inevitable consequence. Taking a wider perspective can allow the situation to be viewed as one of opportunities, of looking for ways in which the performance of the basin as a whole can be enhanced.

7. What is flood risk? Probability x Consequence
Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability
Example floods:
Hazard: probability of a particular discharge or water level at a particular place
Exposure: Land and assets in the inundation area of that flood
Vulnerability: ability/disability of the people or assets to withstand, cope with or recover from the negative effects of that flood

8. Measures for Risk Reduction
Reduce hazard
Reduce Exposure
Reduce Vulnerability
Retaining water where it falls (increasing infiltration, rooftop storing)
Retention basins (natural wet lands or depressions, man made e.g., school play grounds, household underground tanks
Dams and reservoirs
Diversion channel
Land use management (e.g., house building codes in urban areas, infrastructure building practices, appropriate landscape planning)
Structural measures on the river (Dykes, river training work such as channelization, flood walls, raised infrastructures such as roads and railways)
Structural and non-structural measures/actions by individual (flood proofing)
Land regulation
Flood emergency measures (flood warning and evacuation)
Physical: by improving the infrastructure, well-being, occupational opportunities and living environment
Constitutional: by facilitating equal participation opportunities, education and awareness, providing adequate skills and social support system
Motivational: by building awareness and facilitating self organisation

9. IFM: Principles Risk Management Mitigation and Preparedness Response
Recovery and rehabilitation
Residual risks

10. IFM: Principles Risk Management Water Cycle as a whole
Flood and drought management
Effective use of flood waters
Ground water and surface water interaction in flood plains

11. IFM: Principles Risk Management Water Cycle as a whole
Multi-hazard approach
Particularly within a basin where there is interaction between various hazard development mechanisms
Cross-sectoral integration of disaster management strategies
Disaster risk assessment
Early warning and forecasts

12. River basin as a planning unit
IFM: Principles
Risk Management
Water Cycle as a whole
Multi-hazard approach
River basin as a planning unit

13. River basin as a planning unit
IFM: Principles
Risk Management
Water Cycle as a whole
Multi-hazard approach
River basin as a planning unit
Inter-disciplinary

14. River basin as a planning unit Stakeholders participation
IFM: Principles
Risk Management
Water Cycle as a whole
Multi-hazard approach
River basin as a planning unit
Inter-disciplinary
Stakeholders participation

15. IFM: Adaptive Management

16. Requirements of IFM Clear and objective policies
Comprehensive assessment and understanding of development opportunities and flood risks;
Multi-sectoral approach to reach the objectives;
Appropriate legislation and regulations; and
Innovative economic instruments.
with a multidisciplinary approach
Appropriate Institutional structures for proper coordination and linkages;
Enabling participatory processes; and
Information management and exchange mechanisms.

17. National Development Policy
Natural resources management (including water resources for domestic, agriculture, fishery, and industry
Land use management (agriculture, industry, dwelling, urban development, etc)
Environmental management (conservation and modification)
Risk management policies, and
Social development issues (living conditions, level of poverty, equity and fairness principles)

18. National Flood Management Policy: The vision
Why flood management needs to be improved;
How risks due to floods are to be mitigated while making use of floodplains; and
When specific goals would be achieved.

19. National Flood Management Policy
What role do the flood plains play in the economy of the country/region?
What issues in National development vision/policy have relevance to the condition of floods or flooding and its management?
How flood management can contribute to the national development?
How flood risks can be appropriately factored in national development planning?
How national development vision/policy should be aligned to the existing and future flood risks?
How flood risks are shared between federal, state, and local governments on one hand and the individual on the other?
What role do the different institutions play in flood management?

20. Urban Flood Management Integrated with River Flood Management
LAND USE PLANNING
Storm
Water Management
Plans
Basin
Flood Management
Principales
Concepts
Risk Management
Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems
Total Water Cycle Management
Integrated Flood Management
IWRM
SPATIAL PLANNING
Coastal Zone Management

21. Flood Management Planning Process
National development vision/policy
National flood management vision/policy
Basin flood management vision and policy
Beneficial and negative impacts of flooding
Role of flooding in social, economic condition
Land use
Survey and Analysis
Hydrological, meteorological, geomorphologic data, environmental data
Social and economical data ↓
Hydro meteorological analysis
Hydraulic analysis
Damage analysis
Flood risk assessment
Flood
Management
Planning
Process
Setting target for basin flood management plan
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
Social Impact Assessment
Economic analysis
Identification and selection of options to reduce flood risks
Basin Flood Management Plan
Monitoring
Project implementation plan

22. Global warming …….will hit through water
Through climate change and the effects of e.g…
- changes in the hydrological cycle and water balance
- sea level rise
- increased water temperatures
Through increased climate variability in the form of more serious and frequent extremes, such as floods and droughts
Source:TJK

23. Extreme Weather and Climate Events in IPCC AR4
Table TS.4. Recent trends, assessment of human influence on trends, and projections of extreme weather and climate events for which there is evidence of an observed late 20th-century trend. An asterisk in the column headed ‘D’ indicates that formal detection and attribution studies were used, along with expert judgement, to assess the likelihood of a discernible human influence. Where this is not available, assessments of likelihood of human influence are based on attribution results for changes in the mean of a variable or changes in physically related variables and/or on the qualitative similarity of observed and simulated changes, combined with expert judgement.

24. Hazards
Floods
Droughts
Flow regime changes

25. Vulnerability of coastal deltas (IPCC 2007)

26. Policy Robustness Indicators
Affected parameters in relation to water
IFM Policy Principles conducive to sustainable adaptation policies
Balanced outlook on technical storage options including linkages to energy production and greenhouse gas emmissions
Combined flood and drought management plans, IWRM as framing concept
Food security and livelihood focus
Managing all floods (smaller and extremes, riverine and coastal)
Flood Risk Management and multihazard outlook
Productive use of flood waters
Best mix of structural and non-structural options
Participatory and river basin approach
Snow cover storage, seasonality of flows
Evapotranspiration, Freshwater availability
Evapotranspiration freshwater & coolingwater availability
Streamflow, flood frequency, sediment transport, slope stability
Table TS.4. Recent trends, assessment of human influence on trends, and projections of extreme weather and climate events for which there is evidence of an observed late 20th-century trend. An asterisk in the column headed ‘D’ indicates that formal detection and attribution studies were used, along with expert judgement, to assess the likelihood of a discernible human influence. Where this is not available, assessments of likelihood of human influence are based on attribution results for changes in the mean of a variable or changes in physically related variables and/or on the qualitative similarity of observed and simulated changes, combined with expert judgement.
Freshwater availability
Stormsurge frequency

27. World Climate Conference-3 Better climate information for a better future
Geneva, Switzerland 31 August–4 September 2009
Towards a Global Framework for Climate Information
THANK YOU

28. Basin Planning
Flood Proofing and
Building Codes
Flood Hazard Mapping