1. Study Sheet for Honors Biology Chapter 7 Test
ANSWERS

2. #1
Equation for photosynthesis

3. #1

4. CHLOROPLAST DIAGRAM A. Outer membrane B. inner membrane C. granum
D. thylakoid disk
E. stroma

6. #3

7. DIAGRAMS
Leaf Cross Section

8. Answers A=cuticle B=Upper epidermis C=Vein D=Phloem E=xylem
F=Palisade layer
G=spongy layer
H=guard cell
I=stomata

9. What is the enzyme? ANSWER: rubisco
That is the most abundant in the world?
Amylase
Rubisco
ATP synthase
Peptidase
ANSWER: rubisco

10. Leaf Structure and Function
Gases enter – stoma
Xylem-tubes carrying water roots, stem, leaves
Phloem-food carrying tubes
Cuticle-protective waxy outer layer
Air space -area in spongy layer for gases
Stoma-opening in leaf (usually lower)
Guard cell -open and close to let gases in/out stoma
Palisade layer – vertically, tightly packed cells with chloroplasts

11. Leaf Structure and Function
Mesophyll = palisade layer + spongy layer
Upper epidermis – transparent, thick cells to protect upper leaf
Lower epidermis – transparent, thick cells to protect lower leaf
Bundle sheath = cells around xylem and phloem, with chloroplasts
Chloroplast = green organelles, site of photosynthesis

12. 4. Chlorophyll a Absorbs: blue-violet and red Reflects: green
Function: absorbs photons of light and transfer that energy to e-
When light hits it:
Resonates (flexible) between double and single bonds + pass to P680 or P700

13. Where do you find chlorophyll a?
In chloroplasts found in thylakoid disk membrane:
In palisade layer
In Spongy layer
In bundle sheath
In guard cells

14. Difference between xylem and phloem
Xylem –carries water up the roots, stems, & leaves
Phloem – carries food
Up and down the roots, stems, & leaves

15. 5. Where are PSII and PSI? Found: in thylakoid disk of chloroplast
What do they produce?
PSII – high energy electron to ETC (Pq first)
-H+ ions to collect in thylakoid lumen
-O2 to be released out stoma
PSI –high energy e- passed to NADP+

16. 5. Identify the Parts of the PhotosystemB A C E D F G H

17. Identify the Parts of the Photosystem

18. Identify the letters L

19. Identify the letters A. PSII G. H+ B. H20 H. NADPH C. O2 I. Cytb6
D. ETC J. Pq
F. NADP K. FNR L. Pc L

20. Describe the processes at the red circles

21. Identify the numbers 1- light hit PS
2- excited e- from P680 to primary e- acceptor
3- water split
4- excited e- down ETC to Pq to Ctyb6 to Pc
5- P700 accepts e- from Pc
6- e- to NADP+
reduced to NADPH L

22. #6 Photophosphorylation
Uses sunlight to produce ATP

23. #6 Photophosphorylation
Cyclic
Noncyclic (linear)
In Out
In Out
One light event
(PSI, cytb6, Pc)
ADP ATP
2 light events
(PSII, Pq,
cytb6, Pc, &
PSI)
Water Oxygen ADP ATP
NADP NADPH

24. H+ are collected in lumen of thylakoids
Photophosphorylation Chemiosmosis in photosynthesis in cellular respiration
Uses sunlight
H+ are collected in lumen of thylakoids
H+ formed from splitting of water
Starts with high energy glucose
H+ form NADH and FADH2
H+ passed through inner membrane of mitochondrion to intermembrane space

25. In both photophosphorylation and chemiosmosis in cellular respiration
H+ pass through ATP synthase to turn it and ADP + P forms ATP

26. #8 Where does the oxygen come from that we breathe?
Splitting of oxygen in LDR
(linear photophosphorylation)

27. #9 What is the source of carbon for glucose?
Carbon dioxide

28. #10
Carbon fixation is making an inorganic molecule (like carbon dioxide) into a useable organic molecule (like 3-PGA.

29. #10
Carbon fixing occurs in the __
Calvin cycle
What happens there?
(When RuBP + RuBisCo + CO2 to form 3 PGA)

30. #11 What two high energy molecules are made at the end of linear photophosphorylation?
ATP
And NADPH
collected in the stroma

31. #12 Where made?
G3P
Stroma
NADPH
ATP
stroma

32. Where made? Oxygen Lumen of thylakoid disk RuBisCO Stroma
e- excited by photons
Thylakoid disk membrane

33. Where made?
RuBP
Stroma
NADP+
stroma
Water split
Lumen of thylakoid

34. Color Reflected Xanthophyll Yellow Carotenoid Orange Lycopene red
Chlor b
Yellow-green
Rhdopsin
purple
Canthaxanthin
Orange-yellow

35. #14-15 PRODUCTS OF LIR (Calvin cycle) ADP NADP+
G3P (can join to form glucose)
PRODUCTS OF LDR (linear photophosphorylation)
ATP
NADPH
OXYGEN

36. #16
What do excited e- cause to happen as they pass through the Cytochrome-b6?
Pull H+ ions across from thylakoid lumen across the thylakoid membrane to the stroma.

37. #17
In the Calvin cycle what two molecules join with the enzyme RuBisCO?
RuBP and CO2

38. #18 What are the two fates of excited chlorophyll?
Pass energy to excite an e- that are passed to ETC (in thylakoid membrane) like to Pq
Fluoresce and release
the energy (photon)as red
color (if no thylakoid)

39. #19 How many CO2 molecules are needed to produce one glucose molecule?6
6 turns of Calvin cycle to make one glucose

40. What are the final e- acceptors?
Final electron acceptor in cellular respiration is oxygen
Final electron acceptor in LDR is NADP+
H+ ions power the ATP synthase to make ATP

41. #20 Strongest biological oxidizing agent
P680

42. #21 What makes guard cells open and close?
If turgid – guard cells open
If flaccid – guard cells close

43. Note salt concentrations in the cells and the arrows showing
Remember: hypo to hyper
Stoma Animation
turgid
flaccid

44. #22 Calvin Cycle INPUT: 6 CO2 OUTPUT: 2 G3P 18 ATP 18 ADP + P
12 NADPH NADP+

45. What is…?
Carbon Fixation?
ANSWER: changing of unusable atmospheric CO2 into usable organic compounds (like glucose)

46. 3 PGA

47. #23 What is formed at the end of each phase of the Calvin cycle?
Fixation
3 PGA
Reduction
G3P
Regeneration
Recycle RuBP

48. #24
In the LDR (PSII) water splits into: e- H+
oxygen

49. #25 Which greenhouse gas has the most affect on global warming?
CO2

50. infrared UV

51. Greenhouse effect Protects earth from: UV rays
3 Greenhouse gases: CO2 O2 H2O
Increases in CO2 due: to burning fossil fuels
Negative effects: melt glaciers, increased sea levels, change to extreme weather (more hurricanes, extreme weather)

52. #26 The banning of CFC’s was done because of what problem?
CFC’s were breaking down the ozone
This allowed UV light to enter the atmosphere at dangerous levels

53. #34 CFC’s

54. CFC’s Chlorofluorocarbons
Were put in aerosols, refrigerants, and styrofoam
Products containing CFC’s were Banned by those signing the Montreal Protocol

55. Ozone Thinning Over Antarctica
Icy molecules react withCFC’s more than other particles

56. #27
Write a conclusion.

57. #28 What is photoprotection
Carotenoids reflect orange

58. #29
What does P680 and P700 mean?
These are the wavelengths that these chlorophyll molecules absorb.

59. DIAGRAM A. PS II B. ETC C. PS I D. thylakoid interior E. ATP synthase
F. stroma
680
700 F

61. #30 PRODUCT FORMED: From fixing of carbon dioxide 3 PGA
At the end of PSI
NADPH
As a result of photophoshorylation
ATP

62. #30 Formed in the regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle RuBP
Formed in the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle
G3P
Formed from the surplus of G3P

63. #30 WHERE FOUND? H+ high concentration = lumen
Excited e - = PSII and PSI
Water splitting = lumen
NADPH and ATP = stroma
ETC = thylakoid membrane

64. #30 Where do these take place?
LDR takes place in
the thylakoid disks
LIR takes place in
the stroma

66. 8. Where does each take place?
LIR
LDR
Calvin cycle
ETC
Chemiosmosis
Splitting of water
Stroma
Thylakoid disks
Thylakoid membrane
Thylakoid interior through thylakoid membrane to stroma
Thylakoid interior

67. Where do the H+ collect after they are split from water?G

68. Where do the H+ collect after they are split from water?
D – thylakoid interior
H H+
H+ H+ G

69. Where is the ATP synthase located?G

70. Where is the ATP synthase located?G

71. Where would NADPH and ATP be found?G

72. Where would NADPH and ATP be found?G
(stroma) G