1. Fundamentals in the Sentence Writing Strategy
Cloze Note Cue Cards
for students
The University of Kansas
Center for Research on Learning

2. S V . ? ! P_____ a formula E______ the words to fit the formula
Complete Sentences
1.Start with a ______________.
2.Have ___ ________________(. ? !)
3.Have a _________. (S)
4.Have a _________. (V)
5.Make _________.
S V . ? !
Cue Card 1
The Subject
The_____, _____, _____, _______, or _____ that the sentence is about.
Examples
Jenna went for a walk. (________)
The store was closed. (_______)
Balloons rose into the sky. (______)
Silence filled the streets. (______)
Peace was declared at midnight. (______)
Cue Card 2
Action Verb
A word that _____ ___ _______of the ________of the sentence.
Examples:
_____ Actions ______ Actions
walk think
run want
Cue Card 3
The PENS Strategy
P_____ a formula
E______ the words to fit the formula
N_____ the words
S_______ and_______
Cue Card 4

3. Usually made up of 2 words: the word “___” in front of an ______ verb
Search & Check Step M
Ask ”Is there______?"
Root out the_______
(ask, ”Who or What _________?")
Key in on the
____________of the sentence
Cue Card 5
Linking Verbs
Words that link the _______to another word that describes the ________.
Am Was
Are Were
Is Seem Be
Been
Become
Cue Card 6
Verb
A word that shows the _____ or _____-__- ______ of the subject.
Examples:
Action State-of being
__________ ___________
Cue Card 7
Infinitives
Usually made up of 2 words: the word “___” in front of an ______ verb
Examples:
Madonna likes to sing.
Sarah wants to ride the bus.
Tikki yearns to play football.
Cue Card 8a

4. Search & Check Step Linking Verbs
Mark out __________
_________
______________ _________
A___ ”Is there a _____?"
R_____ out the subject
(ask, ”Who or What _____?")
K____ in on the
beginning
ending
meaning
Cue Card 8b
Linking Verbs
Mark out imposters
infinitives
prepositional phrases
Ask ”Is there a verb?"
Root out the subject
(ask, ”Who or What _____?")
Key in on the
beginning
ending
Meaning
Cue Card 8b (complete)
Prepositions
about down past
above during
across since
after except
against through
along for throughout
amid from to
among toward
around in
at inside under
into underneath
before until
behind like up
below upon
beneath near
with
beside of within
between off without
beyond on
by over
out
outside of Cue Card 10a
Cue Card 9

5. Prepositional Phrase Adjective Helping Verbs Main Subject
A group of words that show ________or
______________.
(where or when the action takes place)
Each prepositional phrase contains a _________ and at least one word, either:
_________
A bee flies _______ the jar.
A bee flew around the bottle for an hour.
Cue Card 10b
Adjective
A word that describes a ______.
Examples:
The new black bike was Tom’s birthday present.
The last girl in line wore a blue shirt.
A terrible storm damaged the trees
Cue Card 11a
Helping Verbs
Words that help the ________________
show the action in a sentence.
Helping verbs join with a ______ verb to form a complete verb.
Examples:
Latasha can play the guitar.
The bird will build the nest.
Cue Card 12
Main Subject
The one word that best tells
what the sentence is about.
Example:
The new movie was exciting.
complete subject:_____________
complete verb________________
My little sister is five.
Complete subject:_____________
Complete verb:_______________
Cue Card 11b

6. Types of Simple Sentences Recall Device for Helping Verbs
may
can might
could must
do shall
dies should
did
has
have will
had would
Cue
Card 13a
Types of Simple Sentences
SV "One person doing one thing"
SSV "Two people doing one thing"
SVV "One person doing two things'
SSVV “Two people doing two things" am
are is
was
were
be being been
Recall Device for Helping Verbs
C H A D B. S W I M
Chad B. Swim is 23 years old
Cue Card 13b
Adverbs
Words that add information about the ______of
the subject of the sentence.
They show:
_______
To what extent the action takes place
_______ Cue Card 14