1. Smart Card seinlin.cs95g@nctu.edu.tw kyo-haha@yahoo.com.tw Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University

2. Outline 1/2 Introductions ( ) History, Application area, Standardization Types of Cards ( ) Embossed cards, magnetic-stripe cards, Smart Card, Optical Memory Card Physical and Electrical properties ( ) Smart Card Operation System (, ) Design, files management, sequential control, Open platform Smart Card Data Transmission (, ) Data transmission Protocols, message structure (APDU)

3. Outline 2/2 Smart Card Commands ( ) Security Techniques ( ) The Smart Card Life Cycle ( ) The five phases of the Smart Card life Cycle Smart Card in Payment Systems ( ) Payment transactions, Prepaid Memory Card, Electronic Purses Smart Card in Telecommunications ( ) GSM, UMTS, Wireless Identification Module, Public Card Phones

4. Introductions

5. Introductions - History 1950s - The proliferation of plastic cards started in the USA 1970s - It possible to integrate data storage and processing logic on a single silicon chip 1974 - Roland Moreno registered his smart card patents in France 1984 - The French PTT (postal and telecommunications services agency) successfully carried out a field trial with telephone cards

6. Application area Memory Card

7. Application area Microprocessor cards

8. Application area Contactless cards

9. Standardization ISO TC68/SC6 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC17 ISO/IEC 7816 GSM 11.11 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

10. Types of Cards

11. Embossed Card Magnetic-stripe cards Smart Card

12. Types of Cards - Embossed Card

13. Type of Cards - Magnetic-stripe cards

14. Type of Cards - Smart Card

15. Smart Card Microcontrollers processor address and data buses three types of memory (RAM, ROM and EEPROM) Input/Output

16. Smart Card - Memory

17. Smart Card - Microprocessor

18. Smart Card - Contactless smart card

19. Types of card - Optical Memory Card ISO/IEC 11 693 and 11 694

20. Physical and Electrical properties

21. Physical properties Physical properties - ID1: external rectangle: width: 85.72 mm, height: 54.03 mm internal rectangle: width: 85.46 mm, height: 53.92 mm

22. Physical properties ID000: external rectangle: width: 25.10 mm, height: 15.10 mm internal rectangle: width: 24.90 mm, height: 14.90 mm

23. Physical properties ID00: external rectangle: width: 66.10 mm, height: 33.10 mm internal rectangle: width: 65.90 mm, height: 32.90 mm

24. Smart Card Operation System

25. The primary tasks of a smart card operating system Transferring data to and from the smart card Controlling the execution of commands Managing files Managing and executing cryptographic algorithms Managing and executing program code.

26. Smart Card OS - I/O I/O manager Protocol state machine Send block Send byte Send bitReceive bit Receive byte Receive block Hardware Data flow

27. Smart Card OS – Commands processing

28. Smart Card OS - Filesystem Master File (MF) The root directory of the filesystem Dedicated File (DF) directory files Elementary File (EF) hold the actual user data

29. Smart Card OS - Filesystem MF EF DF EF

30. Filesystem - EF file structure Transparent file structure Transparent file structure is often referred to as a binary structure. Byte number 0 1 2 3 4 5 …………………………. n Offset Data

31. Filesystem - EF file structure Linear Fixed file structure data structure is based on chaining fixed-length records Byte number 0 1 2 3 4 5 n Record Number 1234m1234m

32. Filesystem - EF file structure Linear variable file structure each record can have an individually defined length Byte number 0 1 2 3 4 5 n Record Number 1234m1234m

33. Smart Card Data Transmission

34. Answer to Reset (ATR)

35. Data transmission Structure of a character for data transmission 31245678 Start bitParity bit high low t

36. Data transmission conventions (a) direct convention, (b) inverse convention

37. Data transmission Protocols ProtocolMeaning T=0Asynchronous, half-duplex, byte oriented [ISO-7816-3] T=1Asynchronous, half-duplex, block oriented [ISO-7816-3] T=2Asynchronous, full-duplex, block oriented [ISO-10536] T=3Full duplex; not yet specified T=4Asynchronous, half-duplex, byte oriented, extension of T=0, not yet specified T=5 … T= 13 Reserved for future use, not yet specified T=14For national use, not standardized by ISO T=15Reserved for future use, not yet specified

38. Message structure (APDU) Structure of the command APDU

39. Message structure (APDU) Structure of the response APDU

40. ClassApplication 0XStandard commands compliant with ISO/IEC 7816- 4/7/8 80Electronic purses compliant with EN 1546-3 8XApplication-specific and company-specific commands (private use) 8XCredit cards with chips, compliant with EMV A0GSM mobile telecommunication system compliant with GSM 11.11

41. Smart Card Commands

42. CaseCommand dataExpected response data 1No data 2 Data 3 No data 4Data

43. Smart Card Commands File selection Command Read and Write Command Search Command File Manipulation Commands Identification Commands Authentication Commands File management Commands

44. Security Techniques

45. User Identification Symmetric unilateral Authentication Asymmetric unilateral Authentication Symmetric mutual Authentication Smart Security Attacks at the social level Attacks at the physical level Attacks at the logical level

46. User Identification 1/3

47. User Identification 2/3

48. User Identification 3/3

49. Attacks on smart cards 1/2 Attacks at the social level attacks that are primarily directed against people that work with smart cards can only partially be countered by technical measures Attacks at the physical level it is necessary to obtain physical access to the smart card microcontroller hardware can be static or dynamic

50. Attacks on smart cards 2/2 Attacks at the logical level most known successful attacks on smart cards arise from pure mental reflection or computation classical cryptanalysis, known faults in smart card operating systems and Trojan horses in the smart card application.

51. Power Analysis Attacks Simple Power Analysis (SPA) is power analysis based on single power generated by an algorithm run on a smart card. Differential Power Analysis (DPA) is a technique where power traces are combined in a statistical manner to obtain information about the algorithm running on the smart card.

52. Square and Multiply algorithms

53. DPA trace with power reference

54. Detached power apply

55. The Smart Card Life Cycle

56. The Smart Card Life Cycle 1/3 Phase 1: Production of the chip and the smart card Designing the chip Generating the smart card operating system Fabricating the chips and modules Producing the card body Embedding the module in the card body

57. The Smart Card Life Cycle 2/3 Phase 2: Card preparation Completing the smart operating system Phase 3: Application preparation Initializing the applications(s) Personalizing the applications(s), both visually and electrically

58. The Smart Card Life Cycle 3/3 Phase 4: Card usage Activating the applications Deactivating the applications Phase 5: Termination of card usage Deactivating the applications Deactivating the card

59. Smart Card in Telecommunications

60. The GSM System The subscriber identity module (SIM) Security Subscriber identification SIM authentication Data encryption

61. The GSM System Data storage Dialing numbers Short messages Mobile telephone settings Subscriber information SIM characterization Managing services and supplementary applications Subscriber administration

62. SIM in the GSM System

63. File system in SIM 1/2

64. File system in SIM 2/2

65. The UMTS System Third generation of mobile telecommunications system - Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) UMTS security builds on the security of GSM UMTS uses mutual authentication

66. Important Standards for USIM StandardTitle TS 21.111USIM and IC card requirements TS 31.102Characteristics of the USIM Application TS 31.110Numbering system for the telecommunication IC card application TS 31.111USIM Application Toolkit (USAT) TS 31.121USIM Application Test Specification TS 31.122USIM Conformance Test Specification TS 102.221Physical and Logical Characteristics TS 102.222Administrative Commands

67. UMTS Authentication

68. Thank You!