1. Fertility and Sterility
Regulation of cyclooxygenase activity in cultured endometrial stromal cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 
Hongbo Wang, M.D., Ph.D., Yan Wen, M.D., Mary Lake Polan, M.D., Ph.D., Robert Boostanfar, M.D., Michael Feinman, M.D., Barry Behr, Ph.D. 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 85, Pages (April 2006)
DOI: /j.fertnstert
Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

2. FIGURE 1
Representative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses of COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA in human endometrial stromal cells. Total RNA was prepared from cultured cells and subjected to RT-PCR using primers specific to each mRNA. The size of the COX-1, COX-2, and β-actin amplifications were 303, 254, and 248 bp, respectively (A). In each case, a 100-bp ladder was used as molecular markers. The relative amount of the mRNA of COX-1 (B) and COX-2 (C) was calculated by dividing the intensity of the band for each group by the intensity of the β-actin band for the corresponding group. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA abundance in stromal cells: low-dose granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (0.1 ng/mL) increases COX-2 mRNA levels in stromal cell compared with the control (C), whereas high-dose GM-CSF (1–100 ng/mL) decreases COX-1 mRNA levels compared with the control (B). *P<.05, compared with the control. Data are expressed as means ± Standard error of the mean (SEM) of separate representative experiments (n = 6).
Wang. Regulation of cyclooxygenase by GMCSF. Fertil Steril 2006.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

3. FIGURE 2
Enzyme activity of COX in the cultured stromal cells stimulated with various amounts of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Low concentrations of GM-CSF (0.001–0.1 ng/mL) increased total COX enzyme activity, whereas high concentrations of GM-CSF (1–100 ng/mL) inhibited COX activity (A); COX-1 enzyme predominated in control cells but was inhibited in the presence of GM-CSF (B); COX-2 activity increased in the presence of low concentrations of GM-CSF (0.001–0.1 ng/mL) but decreased at high concentrations of GM-CSF (1–100 ng/mL; C). *P<.05, compared with the control. The data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of separate representative experiments (n = 6).
Wang. Regulation of cyclooxygenase by GMCSF. Fertil Steril 2006.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Effect of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the production of prostaglandin PGE2 in the supernatant of cultured stromal cells. The PGE2 levels increased by 9% from pg/mL to 619 pg/mL in the group incubated with 0.01 ng/mL of GM-CSF. But, PGE2 levels decreased by 31% to pg/mL (P<.05) with increasing concentration of GM-CSF from 1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL. *P<.05, compared with the control. The data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of separate representative experiments (n = 6).
Wang. Regulation of cyclooxygenase by GMCSF. Fertil Steril 2006.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions