Download presentation
1
Airborne Sound Insulation in Buildings
By Tong Yeung Wilson Acoustics Limited
2
Content Sound Insulation Rating Sound insulation Wall Door Window
Floor Wilson Acoustics Limited
3
Sound Insulation Rating
Sound Transmission Class (STC) Noise Isolation Class Impact Insulation Class Normalized Sound Pressure Level Difference Weighted Sound Reduction Index Weighted Normalized Impact Sound Pressure Level Wilson Acoustics Limited
4
Sound Transmission Class
Sound transmission losses in 16 1/3 octave bands from 125 to 4000Hz Values are compared with a reference contour such that no individual transmission loss may lie more than 8dB below the contour Sum of negative discrepancies may not exceed 32 Wilson Acoustics Limited
5
Sound Transmission Class
Wilson Acoustics Limited
6
Sound Transmission Class
Usually designed with higher STC, e.g. 5dB Construction often perform less well in building than in lab Higher STC, less chance of complain but not necessarily increase the costs Limitation at low frequency below 125Hz Wilson Acoustics Limited
7
Poor transmission loss at low frequencies limits overall STC improvement suggested by better performance at higher frequencies Wilson Acoustics Limited
8
Wilson Acoustics Limited www.wal.hk
9
Wilson Acoustics Limited www.wal.hk
10
STC Examples Wilson Acoustics Limited
11
Weighted Sound Reduction Index
Similar to Sound Transmission Class, but follow ISO 717 standard Frequency range: Hz Wilson Acoustics Limited
12
Noise Isolation Class Sound Isolation between 2 enclosed spaces that are acoustically connected Normalized Noise Isolation Class Adjusted space to furnished rooms such that RT60=0.5s Adjustment factor = 10log(T1/T0) Wilson Acoustics Limited
13
Impact Insulation Class
By a standardized tapping Machine with 5 brass hammers at 10Hz Measure in the room below the floor 1/3 octave band from 100 to 3150Hz Compare value with reference contour similar to STC calculation method Wilson Acoustics Limited
14
Floor Tapping Machine Wilson Acoustics Limited
15
Wall Single-Leaf Partition Performance Mainly depends on:
All kinds of solid homogenous panels Drywall Plywood Glass Solid concrete Concrete block Performance Mainly depends on: Mass Stiffness Wilson Acoustics Limited
16
Wall insulation performance
Mass Transmission loss increases with mass Heavier the panel, less it vibrates Apply to thin panel at frequencies below coincidence frequency Wilson Acoustics Limited
17
100mm concrete, 16mm plywood, 13mm gypsum board
Wilson Acoustics Limited
18
Wall insulation performance - Coincidence dip
Stiffness and the Coincidence dip At a critical frequency, wavelength of free bending waves in panel coincides with wavelength of sound in air. Coincidence dip: below the critical frequency to an octave or more Stiffer and thicker, lower the frequency Less effect with higher damping Wilson Acoustics Limited
19
Coincidence effect Wilson Acoustics Limited
20
Critical frequency calculation
E.g. Concrete of 100mm: A = 18700 Coincidence frequency =18700/100 =187Hz Wilson Acoustics Limited
21
Wall insulation performance
Avoid the effect of coincidence dip Use different thickness so that critical frequency does not fall in the range of important for building acoustics ( Hz) Increase damping: separate 1 thick wall into 2 thinner walls, loosely glued together to allow sliding friction in between and increase transmission loss Wilson Acoustics Limited
22
Gypsum board glued together (STC 31)
Gypsum board screwed together (STC 31) Single layer (STC 28) Wilson Acoustics Limited
23
Wall insulation performance - Corrugating panels
Adding ribs, joists, studs increases stiffness in one direction Also introduces additional coincidence dip Wilson Acoustics Limited
24
Two-leaf Partition Weight of the layers Depth of air space
Sound absorbing material in layers Any connection between the layers Wilson Acoustics Limited
25
Two-leaf Partition – Cavity Depth
Larger the space, higher the transmission loss Mass-air-mass resonance occur reducing Trapped air acts as spring Larger the air space or heavier the material, lower the resonance frequency Wilson Acoustics Limited
26
Two-leaf Partition – Cavity Depth
Solid curve: double 3mm glass with airspace of 6mm (STC 28) Dotted curve: double 3mm glass with airspace of 19mm (STC 32) Dash curve: single layer of 3mm glass (STC 29) Wilson Acoustics Limited
27
Two-leaf Partition – Cavity Depth
fmam=K[(m1+m2)/dm1m2]0.5 where fmam = mass-air-mass resonance frequency, Hz m1 = surface mass of the first layer, kg/m2 m2 = surface mass of the second layer, kg/m2 d = their separation, mm K = 60 for an empty cavity, 43 for a cavity filled with sound absorptive material Density of sound-absorptive material is not very important to transmission loss - increase transmission loss above resonance frequency - limit negative effect from cracks or leaks at the partitions. Wilson Acoustics Limited
28
Two-leaf Partition – Mechanical Coupling
Mechanical connection transfers vibrations and is more effective to transfer sound than in air Use resilient connection if mechanical connection cannot be avoided Sound absorptive material becomes useless with mechanical connections Wilson Acoustics Limited
29
Two-leaf Partition – Design of Mechanical Coupling
Lightweight steel studs Wood studs with resilient metal channels on one side and both side Staggered wood stud Steel studs with resilient metal channels Double wood studs Wilson Acoustics Limited
30
Different wall material
Concrete-block wall porous and cannot give STC as great as the mass law Can be improved with suitable sealing such as a layer of drywall, plaster Masonry Wall Very high sound insulation in principle Two blocks are not solidly connected Mount with drywall surfaces Wilson Acoustics Limited
31
Insulation of Door Similar principle as insulation of walls
Leakage of sound through the edge is important Rubber or neoprene gaskets are effective sealing material Wilson Acoustics Limited
32
Insulation of Door – Double door
Less expensive but more effective way to improve STC Commonly used as communication room in hotel Can be used with sound absorption material between doors (can provide STC of 45 or higher) Wilson Acoustics Limited
33
Insulation of Door – Automatic door bottom
Control leakage under door Wilson Acoustics Limited
34
Insulation of windows Follow mass law Have coincidence dip
Laminated glass provide greater transmission loss at frequency near coincidence dip 4mm glass (STC 28), 12mm glass (STC 36), laminated 12mm glass (STC 38) Wilson Acoustics Limited
35
Insulation of windows – Double glazing
Not necessarily better performance than single glazing due to coincidence dip Improve by increasing mass and separating distance Double 3mm glazing with 6mm airspace: STC 31, no air space: STC 34, air space of 100mm: STC 42 Wilson Acoustics Limited
36
Insulation of windows – Other methods
Slanted glazing Avoid multiple optical reflections No enhancement of sound insulation than parallel glazing Triple glazing Nearly the same performance as double glazing Higher transmission loss below mass-air-mass resonance Heavy gas filling STC rating is usually small Significant improvement at mid-range frequency Use with combination of thermal insulation Wilson Acoustics Limited
37
Insulation of floor Airbone sound insulation Impact sound insulation
Heavy enough to provide good airborne sound insulation Impact sound insulation Controlled by resilience of the floor surface layers Soft resilient layer. E.g. carpet increases IIC from 40 to 65 or more Carpet increases IIC from 43 to 73 Wilson Acoustics Limited
38
Insulation of floor – floating floor
Floating floor: when hard floor surface cannot be avoided Wilson Acoustics Limited
39
END Wilson Acoustics Limited
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.